简介:Asanresearchexampleofthewidelyexistingcooperation-competitionsystems,theauthorspresentanempiricalinvestigationonafruitnutritivefactornetwork.Itisdescribedbyanode-weightedbipartitegraph.Thefruitnutritivefactorsaredefinedasthenodes,andtwonodesareconnectedbyanedgeifatleastonefruitcontainsthesetwonutritivefactors.Thefruitsaredefinedasthecollaborationacts.Thenode-weightW_(nt),whichsignifiesthe'importancedegree'ofeachactornode,isdefinedasthecontentofanutritivefactorinafruit.Theempiricalinvestigationresultsshowsomeuniquefeatures.Thenode-weightdistributionstakeso-called'shiftedpowerlaw'functionforms,buttheact-weightdistributiontakesanormalform.Thedegreeandact-degreedistributionsshowimpulsive-spectrumlikeforms.Theseobservationsmaybehelpfulforthestudyoffruits.Thenetworkdescriptionmethodproposedinthisarticlemaybeuniversalforakindofcooperation-competitionsystems.
简介:Itisstandardpractice,wheneveraresearcherfindsanewgene,tosearchdatabasesforgenesthathaveasimilarsequence.Itisnotstandardpractice,wheneveraresearcherfindsanewgene,tosearchforgenesthathavesimilarexpression(coexpression).Failuretoperformco-expressionsearcheshasleadtoincorrectconclusionsaboutthelikelyfunctionofnewgenes,andhasleadtowastedlaboratoryattemptstoconfirmfunctionsincorrectlypredicted.WepresentheretheexampleofGliaMaturationFactorgamma(GMF-gamma).Despiteitsname,ithasnotbeenshowntoparticipateingliamaturation.ItisageneofunknownfunctionthatissimilarinsequencetoGMF-beta.ThesequencehomologyandchromosomallocationledtoanunsuccessfulsearchforGMF-gammamutationsinglioma.WeexaminedGMF-gammaexpressionin1432humancDNAlibraries.Highestexpressionoccursinphagocytic,antigen-presentingandotherhematopoieticcells.WefoundGMF-gammamRNAinalmosteverytissueexamined,withexpressioninnervoustissuenohigherthaninanyothertissue.OurevidenceindicatesthatGMF-gammaparticipatesinphagocytosisinantigenpresentingcells.Searchesforgeneswithsimilarsequencesshouldbesupplementedwithsearchesforgeneswithsimilarexpressiontoavoidincorrectpredictions.
简介:translationitselfisaculture,Thelanguageisacountryculturecarrier,thetranslationofafilmlikefillingaword
简介:FrequencyresponseoftiltmetersandtidalfactorJUNYANG(杨军)SeismologicalBureauofJiangsuProvince,Nanjing210014.ChinaAbstractTherela...