简介：Domesticationdoeshaveitsreasonforexistenceinthefieldoftranslation.Itisindispensabletoculturaltransmission.Domesticationisthefurtherextensionoffreetranslation.Ithelpsthetargetlanguagereadergainabetterunderstandingofthesourcelanguage.Thelackofdomesticationwilldisillusionofourhopeofattainingculturaltransmission.Intranslationhistorydomesticationplaysapositiverole.

简介：本文旨在探索归化和异化在具有不同功能的文本中的运用。本文首先对归化和异化各自的优势和局限做出分析,然后根据Newmark有关文本功能和翻译方法的理论,将文本功能和归化异化的运用相结合,探讨了归化异化策略在不同功能的文本中应如何运用和侧重的问题。不同的文本功能要求对归化和异化有不同的侧重,因此译者应首先对文本的功能做出分析,从而进一步确定归化和异化的具体运用。

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简介：Investigatinghowcropdomesticationandearlyfarmingmediatedcropattributes,distributions,andinteractionswithantagonistsmayshedlightontoday'sagriculturalpestproblems.Cropdomesticationgenerallyinvolvedartificialselectionfortraitsdesirabletoearlyfarmers,forexample,increasedproductivityoryield,andenhancedqualities,thoughinvariablyitalteredtheinteractionsbetweencropsandinsects,andexpandedthegeographicalrangesofcrops.Thus,somestudiessuggestthatwithcropdomesticationandspread,insectpopulationsonwildcropancestorsgaverisetopestiferousinsectpopulationsoncrops.Here,weaddressedwhethertheemergenceofcornleafhopper(Dalbulusmaidis)asanagriculturalpestmaybeassociatedwithdomesticationandearlyspreadofmaize(Zeamaysmays).WeusedAFLPmarkersandmitochondrialCOIsequencestoassesspopulationgeneticstructuringandhaplotyperelationshipsamongcornleafhoppersamplesfrommaizeanditswildrelativeZeadiploperennisfrommultiplelocationsinMexicoandArgentina.Weuncoveredsevencornleafhopperhaplotypescontainedwithintwohaplogroups,onehaplogroupcontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithmaizeandtheothercontaininghaplotypesassociatedwithZ.diploperennisinamountainoushabitat.Withinthefirsthaplogroup,onehaplotypewaspredominantacrossMexicanlocations,andanotheracrossArgentineanlocations;bothwereconsideredpestiferous.Wesuggestedthatthedivergencetimesofthemaize-associatedhaplogroupandofthe"pestiferous"haplotypesarecorrelatedwiththechronologyofmaizespreadfollowingitsdomestication.Overall,ourresultssupportahypothesispositingthatmaizedomesticationfavoredcornleafhoppergenotypespreadaptedforexploitingmaizesothattheybecamepestiferous,andthatwiththegeographicalexpansionofmaizefarming,cornleafhoppercolonizedZ.diploperennis,ahostexclusivetosecludedhabitatsthatservesasarefugeforarchaiccornleafhoppergenotypicdiversity.B

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