简介：摘要：海马组织（Hippocampus）是脑内主要负责学习与记忆的场所，但其功能会随着衰老而出现减退，出现例如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)等神经退化性疾病，严重影响老年生活。人们认为，运动对脑功能的积极影响是通过大脑海马脑源性神经营养因子(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、酪氨酸激酶受体B(Tropomyosin-related kinase B,TrkB)、环磷酸腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(Cyclic AMP response element binding protein,CREB)信号通路介导的。

简介：摘要目的探讨黄芩苷(baicalin，BA)对慢性不可预知温和刺激(chronic unpredictable mild stimulus，CUMS)模型小鼠抑郁行为及细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase，ERK)、环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein，CREB)的调节作用。方法30只癌症研究所(institute of cancer research，ICR)小鼠根据随机数字表法分为对照组(CON组)、模型组(CUMS组)、氟西汀组(FLU组)、黄芩苷高剂量组(BA-H组)、黄芩苷低剂量组(BA-L组)，每组6只。除对照组外，运用CUMS方法对其余四组小鼠造模，造模共进行42 d，并从第21天开始按照分组进行灌胃至造模完成。给药结束后运用糖水偏爱实验和水迷宫实验测定小鼠的抑郁样行为，运用蛋白质印迹法(Western blot，WB)和反转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction，RT-PCR)法分别检测小鼠海马组织中ERK、CREB mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。运用SPSS 21.0软件包，经正态检验和方差齐性检验后，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)，两两比较采用Tukey法。结果糖水偏爱实验显示，与CON组相比，CUMS组的糖水偏爱率降低[(82.88±2.00)%，(64.49±1.24)%；t＝19.11，P<0.05]。与CUMS组相比，FLU组[(81.90±1.19)%]、BA-H组[(77.86±2.51)%]、BA-L组[(67.98±2.56)%]小鼠的糖水偏爱率均增加(t＝24.83，11.68，3.00；均P<0.05)。水迷宫实验结果显示，与CON组比较，CUMS组小鼠的穿越平台次数[(6.33±0.82)次，(1.83±0.75)次；t＝9.93，P<0.05]和目标象限停留时间[(46.83±4.78)s，(24.25±6.12)s；t＝7.13，P<0.05]均降低，逃避潜伏期延长[(14.88±3.00)s，(70.70±4.77)s；t＝24.26，P<0.05]。与CUMS组相比，FLU组、BA-H组、BA-L组小鼠的穿越平台次数均增加[(5.00±0.89)次，(5.17±0.75)次，(3.33±0.82)次；t＝6.64，7.67，3.31；均P<0.05]，目标象限停留时间均增加[(36.80±2.66)s，(36.82±5.62)s，(33.28±3.56)s；t＝4.61，3.71，3.13，均P<0.05]，逃避潜伏期时间均缩短[(23.37±4.86)s，( 34.83±4.72)s，( 62.15±5.30)s；t＝17.02，13.10，2.94；均P<0.05]。Weston blot结果显示，与CON组相比，CUMS组小鼠海马的ERK蛋白表达[(1.00±0.15)，(0.36±0.10)；t＝6.26，P<0.05]和CREB蛋白表达[(1.00±0.12)(0.29±0.03)；t＝10.32，P<0.05]均降低。与CUMS组相比，FLU组、BA-H组、BA-L组小鼠海马的ERK蛋白表达均增加[(0.87±0.05)、(0.77±0.08)、(0.67±0.03)；t＝8.25，5.79，5.39；均P<0.05]，CREB蛋白表达均增加[(0.90±0.12)、(0.84±0.14)、(0.62±0.04)；t＝8.94，6.59，12.25，均P<0.05]。PCR结果显示，与CON组相比，CUMS组小鼠海马的ERK mRNA [(1.00±0.03)，(0.41±0.10); t＝9.78，P<0.05]和CREB mRNA[(1.00±0.08)(0.61±0.12)；t＝4.62，P<0.05]均降低。与CUMS组相比，FLU组、BA-H组、BA-L组小鼠海马的ERK mRNA均增加[(0.71±0.08)、(0.69±0.03)、(0.59±0.04)；t＝4.15，4.65，2.84；均P<0.05]，FLU组、BA-H组小鼠的CREB mRNA均增加[(0.87±0.08)、(0.86±0.07)；t＝3.14，3.19，均P<0.05]。结论BA对CUMS模型小鼠抑郁样行为有改善作用，其作用机制发挥可能与调节ERK、CREB蛋白有关。

简介：AbstractPurpose:To observe the changes of gait behavior and the expression of wound healing factors of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β3 and cAMP response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) during the healing of Achilles tendon in a rat model, and to investigate whether gait analysis can be used to evaluate the tendon healing.Methods:Achilles tendon of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were transected and sutured to establish the Achilles tendon injury (ATI) model. They were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the observational time point at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after injury (n= 10 for each group). Before modeling, 9 rats were randomly selected for CatWalk gait analysis, which contained step cycle, single stance time and average speed. Data were recorded as the normal controls. After then, ATI models were established in the left hind limbs of the all 40 rats (ATI group), while the right hind limbs were only cut and sutured without injury of the Achilles tendon (sham operation group). At 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after injury, the gait behavior of the corresponding group of rats (n= 9) as observed and recorded by CatWalk platform. After then, the rats were sacrificed and Achilles tendon of both limbs was harvested. The tendon healing was observed by gross anatomy and histological examination, and the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, CREB-1 were observed by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The results of tendon gross grading were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test, and other data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance among multiple groups.Results:Compared with normal controls, all gait indexes (step cycle, single stance time and average speed) were greatly affected following ATI, which however improved with time. The step cycle was significantly lower at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after ATI (compared with normal controls, all p < 0.05), but almost returned to the normal level at 6 weeks ((0.694 ± 0.102) vs. (0.503 ± 0.094) s, p > 0.05). The single stance time of the ATI group was significantly shorter at 1 and 2 weeks after operation ((0.078 ± 0.010) s at 1 week, (0.078 ± 0.020) s at 2 weeks, all p < 0.001) and revealed no significant difference at 4 weeks (p= 0.120). The average speed of ATI group at 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (all p < 0.001).Gross observation showed that the grade of local scar adhesion in ATI group increased significantly at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, compared with the sham operation group (all p < 0.001). Extensive adhesion was formed at 6 weeks after ATI. The results of HE staining showed that the number of fibroblast increased gradually and arranged more orderly in ATI group at 1, 2 and 4 weeks (all p < 0.001), and decreased at 6 weeks, but it was still significantly higher than that of the sham operation group (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, CREB-1 in ATI group was higher than that in the sham operation group at 4 time points (all p < 0.05), which reached the peak at 2 weeks after operation and decreased at 4 weeks (p= 0.002, p < 0.001, p= 0.041, respectively). The results of qPCR suggested that the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, CREB-1 in ATI group was higher than that in the sham operation group at all-time points (all p < 0.05), which reached the peak at 2 weeks after operation, decreased at 4 weeks, and significantly decreased at 6 weeks (all p < 0.001).Conclusion:Gait behavior indexes are associated with Achilles tendon healing. The study gives an insight of TGF-β1, TGF-β3, CREB-1 changes in the coursing of Achilles tendon healing and these cytokines may be able to be used to regulate the Achilles tendon healing.

简介：摘要目的评价p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(p38 MAPK/CREB)信号通路在川芎嗪减轻脓毒症相关性脑病小鼠海马炎症反应中的作用。方法健康雄性C57BL6小鼠60只，体重24~27 g，采用随机数字表法分为4组(n＝15)：假手术组(Sham组)、脓毒症组(Sep组)、川芎嗪组(TMP组)和p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580组(SB组)。采用盲肠结扎穿孔法制备小鼠脓毒症相关性脑病模型。于模型制备前3 d时TMP组腹腔注射川芎嗪10 mg/kg，1次/d，SB组于模型制备后30 min时腹腔注射SB203580 2.0 mg/kg，Sham组和Sep组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水。于术后1 d时行Morris水迷宫实验测试认知功能，记录逃避潜伏期和靶象限活动时间比率。于水迷宫测试结束后处死小鼠取海马组织，采用ELISA法测定L-1β、TNF-α和IL-6含量；采用Western blot法测定p38 MAPK、GSK3和CREB磷酸化水平及BDNF的表达。结果与Sham组比较，Sep组、TMP组和SB组逃离潜伏期延长，靶象限活动时间比率降低，海马IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6含量升高，p38 MAPK磷酸化水平升高，GSK3和CREB磷酸化水平降低，BDNF表达下调(P<0.05)；与Sep组比较，TMP组和SB组逃离潜伏期缩短，靶象限活动时间比率升高，海马IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6含量降低，海马p38 MAPK磷酸化水平降低，GSK3和CREB磷酸化水平升高，BDNF表达上调(P<0.05)；与TMP组比较，SB组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论p38 MAPK/CREB信号通路参与了川芎嗪减轻脓毒症相关性脑病小鼠海马炎症反应的过程。

简介：摘要目的评价预输注青年大鼠血浆对七氟烷诱发老龄大鼠认知功能障碍的影响及细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)-环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路在其中的作用。方法SPF级健康雄性Wistar大鼠120只，18月龄，体重550~650 g，采用随机数字表法分为4组(n＝30)：对照组(C组)、七氟烷麻醉组(S组)、青年大鼠血浆组(P组)和ERK抑制剂SL327组(SL组)。P组和SL组尾静脉注射经过处理的3月龄青年大鼠血浆100 μl/次，C组和S组尾静脉注射等容量生理盐水，2次/周，共4周。注射完毕后S组、P组和SL组大鼠吸入3%七氟烷麻醉3 h，麻醉前SL组尾静脉注射ERK抑制剂SL327 50 mg/kg。于麻醉前1 d和麻醉后3、7 d行Morris水迷宫实验评估大鼠认知功能；随后处死大鼠分离海马组织，采用Western blot法测定磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)、磷酸化CREB(p-CREB)、突触蛋白、突触素Ⅰ和突触囊泡蛋白的表达水平，透射电镜下观察海马神经元超微结构并记录突触数量。结果与C组比较，其余3组大鼠麻醉后各时点逃避潜伏期延长，穿越原平台次数减少，海马p-ERK、p-CREB、突触蛋白、突触素Ⅰ和突触囊泡蛋白的表达下调，突触数量减少(P<0.05)。与S组比较，P和SL组大鼠麻醉后各时点逃避潜伏期缩短，穿越原平台次数增加，海马p-ERK、p-CREB、突触蛋白、突触素Ⅰ和突触囊泡蛋白的表达上调，突触数量增加(P<0.05)。与P组比较，SL组大鼠麻醉后各时点逃避潜伏期延长，穿越原平台次数减少，海马p-ERK、p-CREB、突触蛋白、突触素Ⅰ和突触囊泡蛋白的表达下调，突触数量减少(P<0.05)。结论预输注青年大鼠血浆减轻可减轻七氟烷诱发老龄大鼠认知功能障碍，其机制与激活ERK-CREB信号通路，改善海马突触可塑性有关。

简介：摘要目的评价细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)/环磷腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)/脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)信号通路在右美托咪定抑制丙泊酚致胎鼠离体海马神经元凋亡中的作用。方法将孕16 d SD大鼠处死，取胎鼠海马神经元，体外培养原代海马神经元至第7天，采用随机数字表法分为9组(n＝12)：对照组(C组)、脂肪乳剂组(I组)、二甲基亚砜组(DMSO组)、右美托咪定组(D组)、丙泊酚组(P组)、丙泊酚+右美托咪定组(PD组)、PD98059+丙泊酚+右美托咪定组(PDP组)、MH89 +丙泊酚+右美托咪定组(HDP组)和KG501+丙泊酚+右美托咪定组(KDP组)。C组不做任何处理；I组加入20%脂肪乳剂，孵育30 min；DMSO组加入0.25%DMSO，孵育30 min；D组加入右美托咪定，终浓度10 μmol/L，孵育30 min；P组加入丙泊酚，终浓度100 μmol/L，孵育3 h；PD组加入右美托咪定，终浓度10 μmol/L，孵育30 min，再加入丙泊酚，终浓度100 μmol/L，继续孵育3 h；PDP组、HDP组和KDP组分别加入25 μmol PD98059(p-ERK1/2抑制剂)、10 μmol H89(p-CREB抑制剂)、25 μmol KG501(CREB抑制剂)孵育30 min，再加入右美托咪定，终浓度10 μmol/L，孵育30 min，最后加入丙泊酚，终浓度100 μmol/L，继续孵育3 h。透射电镜下观察细胞超微结构，采用流式细胞术检测神经元凋亡情况，qRT-PCR法检测ERK1/2、CREB和BDNF mRNA的表达，Western blot法检测p-ERK1/2、CREB、p-CREB、BDNF及cleaved-caspase-3的表达。结果与C组比较，P组、PD组、PDP组、HDP组和KDP组神经元凋亡率升高，p-ERK 1/2和p-CREB表达下调，cleaved-caspase-3表达上调，P组、PDP组、HDP组和KDP组BDNF表达下调(P<0.05)；与P组比较，PD组神经元凋亡率降低，p-ERK1/2、p-CREB和BDNF表达上调，cleaved-caspase-3表达下调(P<0.05)；与PD组比较，PDP组、HDP组和KDP组神经元凋亡率升高，p-ERK1/2、p-CREB和BDNF表达下调，cleaved-caspase-3表达上调(P<0.05)。结论ERK1/2/CREB/BDNF信号通路参与了右美托咪定抑制丙泊酚致胎鼠离体海马神经元凋亡的过程。