简介:通过介绍全球及我国近年来CO2的排放状况,首先指出了CO2回收的迫切性及资源化利用的优势,并以CCS(碳捕集与封存)和CCU(碳捕集与利用)为例,分别介绍了诸如地质封存、海洋封存、化学转化和生物转化等规模化回收利用技术,阐述了这些技术的回收原理、工艺路线、安全环保性、技术优势和工业化案例。通过分析CCS各技术的封存能力、封存效果、技术瓶颈及其工业化推广的进度和潜力,指出CCS技术的全球化应用目前还存在一定的风险和制约:通过对比CCU各技术研究重点、转化瓶颈以及工业化进度等,指出化学转化法是目前最有效的CO2规模化回收利用技术:还介绍了其它几种具有规模化潜力的CO2利用新技术。
简介:Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases(GHGs)(particularlyCO2)hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics(includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense)hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis(basedontheSTIRPATmodel)andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis(basedongraysystemtheory)ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables(i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize)variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.
简介:EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth
简介:Inthisstudy,apoly(etherblockamide)(Pebax1657)compositemembraneappliedforCO2capturewaspreparedbycoatingPebax1657solutiononpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)ultrafiltrationmembrane.Ethanol/watermixturewasusedasthesolventofPebaxandtheeffectsofethanol/watermassratiosandPebaxconcentrationonthepermeationpropertiesofcompositemembranewerestudied.Toenhancethecompositemembranepermeance,thegutterlayer,madefromreactiveaminosiliconecrosslinkingwithpolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),wasdesigned.Theinfluenceofcrosslinkingdegreeofthegutterlayeronmembraneperformancewasinvestigated.Asaresult,aPebax/aminoPDMS/PANmultilayermembranewithhexaneresistancewasdeveloped,showingCO2permeanceof350GPUandCO2/N2selectivityover50.Theblendofpolyethyleneglycoldimethylether(PEG-DME)withPebaxascoatingmaterialwasstudiedtofurtherimprovethemembraneperformance.AfterbeingcombinedwithPEG-DMEadditive,CO2permeanceofthefinalPebax-PEG-DME/amino-PDMS/PANcompositemembranereached400GPUabovewithCO2/N2selectivityover65.
简介:从土壤表面的二氧化碳(CO2)的流动在陆上的生态系统介绍碳(C)周期的一个重要部件并且被很多个关於生命、不能生活的因素控制。以便更好在副热带的森林里理解土壤CO2流动(FCO2)的特征,土壤FCO2率在五种邻近的森林类型被确定(樟脑树森林,马森松森林,混合樟脑树和马森消瘦森林,中国香甜的口香糖森林,并且猛砍松森林)在在长沙的Tianjiling国家公园,湖南省在副热带的中国,从1月到2010年12月。土壤温度(Tsoil)的影响,容量的土壤浇内容(土壤),玷污pH,玷污器官的碳(SOC)并且玷污土壤FCO2率上的C/nitrogen(N)比率也被调查。年度吝啬的土壤FCO2率与森林类型变化了。土壤FCO2率在樟脑树森林里是最高的(3.53瑮楲畢楴湯?潴琠敨猠楯??中?湡?桴瑡倠?灡汰捩瑡潩?污潳愠捣汥牥瑡摥???牴湡晳牯慭楴湯椠?潳汩猠飼?飼吗??
简介:Wereportedabifunctionalmaterial,Cr-salenimplantedconjugatedmicroporouspolymer(Cr-CMP),whichisabletocaptureexcellentCO2amountsandhasaremarkablecatalyticactivitytowardsthecycloadditionreactionofCO2toepoxidesformingcycliccarbonatesatmildconditionswithoutadditionalsolvents.ThisheterogeneousCr-CMPcatalysthasasuperiorcatalyticactivitytoitsrelatedhomogeneouscatalystandcanbereusedmorethantentimeswithoutasignificantdecreaseincatalyticactivity.
简介:Asupercriticalcarbondioxide(ScCO2)assistedphaseinversionwasdevelopedtoproducemicroporouspoly(vinylidenefluoride)(PVDF)membraneswhosemorphologycharacteristicsarisefrombothliquid-liquiddemixingandsolid-liquiddemixing(crystallization).ThisresultwasconfirmedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),fromwhichbothαandβcrystalswerefound.Asrevealedbycontactangleexperiment,thePVDFmembranespreparedviaScCO2assistedphaseinversionweremorehydrophobiccomparedwiththecontrolmembraneproducedviaconventionalimmersionprecipitationtechnique.Inparticular,thesamplewith15wt%PVDFpreparedat45°Cand13MPaexhibitedacontactangleof142°,whichwasmainlycausedbythemultilevelmicro-andnano-structure.Theeffectsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)andlithiumchloride(LiCl)onthestructuresandcrystalformwereinvestigated.PVPpromotedtheformationofβphasecrystalform,whilePEGbooststheevolutionofαphase.LiClrestrainedthecrystallizationdegreeofPVDFmembraneunderScCO2.
简介:Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ(BCFN)oxidewithperovskitecubicstructurewassynthesizedbysolidstatereactionmethod.CO2corrosionofBCFNmembranewasinvestigatedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),diffusereflectanceinfraredFouriertransformedspectroscopy(DRIFT)andX-rayabsorptionfinestructurespectroscopy(XAFS).Cobalt(Co)K-edgeabsorptionspectraofBCFNannealedinCO2revealthattheoxidationstatesofCoinallthesampleswerelargerthan+3andtheydecreasedwiththeincreaseofcalcinationtime.At800℃,1%CO2introducedintoHecouldspeedupthereductionofCocationsincomparisonwithpureHe.Inaddition,sulfateionsinthebulkofBCFNmembranepreferredtomigratetothesurfaceunderCO2calcinationandformmonoclinicBa(CO3)0.9(SO4)0.1besidesorthorhombicwitherite.Moreover,SEMresultsindicatethatthenucleationandgrowthofcarbonatesgrainsstartedatthegrainboundaryofthemembrane.
简介:InthispaperweusedMOF-5andCu3(BTC)2toseparateCO2/CH4andCH4/N2mixturesunderdynamicconditions.Bothmaterialsweresynthesizedandpelletized,thusallowingforameaningfulcharacterizationinviewofprocessscale-up.ThematerialswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Byperformingbreakthroughexperiments,wefoundthatCu3(BTC)2separatedCO2/CH4slightlybetterthanMOF-5.BecausethecrystalstructureofCu3(BTC)2includesunsaturatedaccessiblemetalsitesformedviadehydration,itpredominantlyinteractedwithCO2moleculesandmoreeasilycapturedthem.Conversely,MOF-5withasuitableporesizeseparatedCH4/N2moreefficientlyinourbreakthroughtest.
简介:摘要吹管是新建汽轮发电机组运行前关键工序,目的是吹扫机组锅炉过、再热器及其相关蒸汽管道系统,清除其在制造、运输、保管、安装过程中遗留的各种杂物,避免机组运行时过、再热器爆管和汽轮机通流零部件损伤,提高机组的安全性和经济性,改善运行期间的蒸汽品质。本文通过茂名电厂600MW超临界中间再热机组吹管实例,分析、总结超临界、中间再热机组吹管技术。
简介:摘要T91/P91钢材具有优良的常温及高温力学性能,在超临界600MW及以上机组中应用越来越广泛。但焊接性能差,特别是在施工现场面临很多难题。为确保T/P91管道焊口的焊接质量,在电厂施工过程中进行全过程质量监控非常重要。本文以某电厂为例,介绍了安装焊接过程质量指标的控制要求。
简介:摘要目的探究并分析CO2激光联合匹多莫德治疗尖锐湿疣的临床疗效。方法选取尖锐湿疣患者68例,随机分为治疗组、对照组,每组34例。其中,治疗组采用CO2激光联合匹多莫德治疗;对照组采用单纯CO2激光治疗。结果1月后,治疗组痊愈30例,痊愈率88.24%;对照组痊愈28例,痊愈率82.35%。两组无显着性差异(P>0.05);3月后,治疗组复发4例,复发率为13.33%(4/30);对照组复发16例,复发率为57.14%(16/28)。两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组均未出现明显不良反应。结论CO2激光联合匹多莫德治疗尖锐湿疣疗效显着,疣体清除快速,3月内复发率低,是治疗尖锐湿疣较好的方法之一。