简介：AbstractPurpose:Patients’ gender, which can be one of the most important determinants of traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes, is also likely to interact with many other outcome variables of TBI. This multicenter descriptive study investigated gender differences in epidemiological, clinical, treatment, mortality, and variable characteristics in adult TBI patients.Methods:The selection criteria were defined as patients who had been diagnosed with TBI and were admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. A total of 4468 adult TBI patients were enrolled at eight University Hospitals. Based on the list of enrolled patients, the medical records of the patients were reviewed and they were registered online at each hospital. The registered patients were classified into three groups according to the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score: mild (13 -15), moderate (9-12), and severe (3-8), and the differences between men and women in each group were investigated. The risk factors of moderated and severe TBI compared to mild TBI were also investigated.Results:The study included 3075 men and 1393 women and the proportion of total males was 68.8%. Among all the TBI patients, there were significant differences between men and women in age, past history, and GCS score. While the mild and severe TBI groups showed significant differences in age, past history, and clinical symptoms, the moderate TBI group showed significant differences in age, past history, cause of justice, and diagnosis.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this multicenter study is the first to focus on gender differences of adult patients with TBI in Korea. This study shows significant differences between men and women in many aspects of adult TBI. Therefore, gender differences should be strongly considered in TBI studies.

简介：Theincreaseinneurotrophicfactorsaftercraniocerebralinjuryhasbeenshowntopromotefracturehealing.Moreover,neurotrophicfactorsplayakeyroleintheregenerationandrepairofperipheralnerve.However,whethercraniocerebralinjuryalterstherepairofperipheralnerveinjuriesremainspoorlyunderstood.Ratinjurymodelswereestablishedbytransectingtheleftsciaticnerveandusingafree-falldevicetoinducecraniocerebralinjury.Comparedwithsciaticnerveinjuryaloneafter6–12weeks,ratswithcombinedsciaticandcraniocerebralinjuriesshoweddecreasedsciaticfunctionalindex,increasedrecoveryofgastrocnemiusmusclewetweight,recoveryofsciaticnervegangliaandcorrespondingspinalcordsegmentneuronmorphologies,andincreasednumbersofhorseradishperoxidase-labeledcells.Theseresultsindicatethatcraniocerebralinjurypromotestherepairofperipheralnerveinjury.

简介：Theaimofthisstudyistodevelopdatacollectiontoolsforevaluationofschoolpracticecoursesandforperceptionsofteachercandidatesregardingteachercompetenciesforeffectiveteaching.Threehundredandeighty-eightlastyearundergraduatestudentsfromsevenprogramsoffacultiesofeducationattwostateuniversitiesparticipatedinthestudy.Itemsofthe5-pointLikertscalewerewrittenaccordingtothedimensionsoftheconstructswithrespecttotherelatedliterature.Theitemswerereviewedbythreeexperts,oneofwhomisintheeducationalmeasurementandtwoofwhomareinthescienceandbiologyeducationdepartments.Dimensionalitiesofthetwo-dimensionalEvaluationofPracticumScale（EPS）andone-dimensionalCompetencyofInstructionQualityScale（CIQS）wereanalyzedusingfactoranalysis.UnweightedleastsquaresestimationmethodandPromaxrotationwereusedinthefactoranalysisprocedures.Cronbach＇sacoefficientswere0.89and0.83forthetwodimensionsofEPSand0.82forCIQS.

简介：客观：为了改进痊愈，与由craniocerebral损害复杂的腹的内脏的损害病人评价。方法：由craniocerebral损害复杂的腹的内脏的损害的176个盒子的临床的数据回顾地被分析。结果：在这个系列，44个盒子死了，死亡是25.0%。死亡的主要原因是与吃惊相结合的腹的内脏的损害和严重craniocerebral损害。结论：在早舞台由精确诊断改进痊愈率是必要的。腹的帕拉穿刺术和CT应该即时并且动态地被执行。优先级应该被给life-threateninginjuries的治疗。

简介：Thephenomenonofischemia/reperfusioninjuryisdescribedintheexperimentalmodelsofacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI),causingadditionalfunctionalandstructuraldamagetotheacutereperfusedmyocardium,andischemicpreconditioningreferstothemyocardialischemiaafteralongperiodofreperfusionbeforeoneorseveralshortoccasionalduplicationofmyocardialischemia/reperfusion1,whichcanincreasemyocardialischemictolerance.ThetherapeuticstrategiesforAMIhavefocusedonmyocardialischemia/reperfusioninjury,whichaccountsforasignificantpartofthefinalinfarctsize.Althoughexperimentsinthelast20yearshavereportedthatpharmacologicalinterventionsatreperfusionmightreducemyocardialreperfusioninjury,thiscouldnotbeconfirmedinhumanstudies.Analternativetochemicalmodifiers,postconditioning(briefrepeatedperiodsofischemiaappliedattheonsetofreperfusion)isanothermethodproventobeefficientinanimalmodelsandtobeconfirmedinrecenthumanstudies.Thissimplemethod,appliedinthefirstminuteofreperfusion,reducesthefinalinfarctsizeby30%-50%.Thisreviewwillfocusonthemechanisms,pharmacologicalpreconditioning,postconditioningtechnique,whichiseasilyapplicableinhumanpatientsinthesettingofAMI.

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简介：Thecingulum,theneuraltractconnectingtheorbitofrontalcortexwiththemedialtemporallobe,playsanimportantroleincognition(Bushetal.,2000).Itisalsoimportantinmemorybecauseitprovidescholinergicinnervationstothecerebralcortexafterobtaininginnervationfromthemedialseptalnucleus,the

简介：在《英文角斗场》中,每篇文章都是精选自英美中小学生的读物和教材噢。想知道自己的英语水平有多高,就来试试吧。

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简介：Theadipocytokine,apelin-13,isanabundantlyexpressedpeptideinthenervoussystem.Apelin-13protectsthebrainagainstischemia/reperfusioninjuryandattenuatestraumaticbraininjurybysuppressingautophagy.However,secondaryapelin-13effectsontraumaticbraininjury-inducedneuralcelldeathandblood-brainbarrierintegrityarestillnotclear.Here,wefoundthatapelin-13significantlydecreasescerebralwatercontent,mitigatesblood-brainbarrierdestruction,reducesaquaporin-4expression,diminishescaspase-3andBaxexpressioninthecerebralcortexandhippocampus,andreducesapoptosis.Theseresultsshowthatapelin-13attenuatessecondaryinjuryaftertraumaticbraininjuryandexertsaneuroprotectiveeffect.

简介：I-IntroductionTheNeo-BabyloniantextUETVII,1261,publishedbythelateProfessorO.R.Gurney,showsthatin1.42afourth-stringislisted,bilingually,asSumerian'sa4.tur'='fourth,small-string',andAkkadian'a-ba-nu-[u]'='Ea-created'.Itistheonlytheonumericstringmentionedinthetext.ThepairingofEawiththisfourthstringwhilstthegodisusuallyassociatedwithnumber403attractedmy

简介：Longtermmorphologicalsimulationsusingcompletecoupledmodelsleadtoverytimeconsumingcomputations.Latteux(1995)presentedmodellingtechniquesdevelopedfortidalcurrentsituationsinordertoreducethecomputationaleffort.Inthispapertheapplicabilityofsuchmethodstosmallscaleproblemsisinvestigated.Itispointedoutthatthesemethodscanbetransferredtosmallscaleproblemsusingtheperiodicityofthevortexsheddingprocess.

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简介：Inflammationafterstrokeisthemaincauseofcerebralischemia/reperfusioninjury.Cascadingeventsafterinjurycanleadtocelldeath.Heatshockprotein70andotherendogenousinjury-signalingmoleculesarereleasedbydamagedcells,whichcanleadtosystemicstressreactions.Protectingthebrainthroughrepairbeginswiththestress-injury-repairsignalingchain.Thisstudyaimedtoverifywhetheracupunctureactsthroughthischaintofacilitateeffectivetreatmentofischemicstroke.Ratmodelsofcerebralischemia/reperfusioninjurywereestablishedbyZeaLonga'smethod,andinjurysiteswereidentifiedbyassessingneurologicalfunction,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloridestaining,andhematoxylin-eosinstaining.ElectroacupunctureatacupointsBaihui(DU20)andZusanli(ST36)wasperformedinthemodelratswithdilatationalwaves,deliveredfor20minutesadayat2–100Hzandanamplitudeof2mA.Weanalyzedthebloodserumfromtheratsandfoundthatinflammatorycytokinesaffectedthelevelsofadrenotrophinandheatshockprotein70,eachofwhichfollowedasimilarbimodalcurve.Specifically,electroacupunctureloweredthepeaklevelsofadrenocorticotrophichormoneandheatshockprotein70.Thus,electroacupuncturewasabletoinhibitexcessivestress,reduceinflammation,andpromotetherepairofneurons,whichfacilitatedhealingofischemicstroke.

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简介：Objective:Tosummarizesurgicaltreatmentsandtheircorrespondingcurativeeffectsonsciaticnerveinjuries.Methods:Surgicaltreatmentsonsciaticnerveinjurywereperformedin28patientsfromJanuary1990toJuly2000.Thetreatmentsincludedneurolysis,neurolysispluspartialnerveanastomosis,nerveanastomosisandnervetransplantation.ThecurativeeffectwasevaluatedaccordingtoSunderlandcriteria.Results:Of28cases,22patientswerefollowedupwithafollow-upperiodof13monthsto5years(average30months).Of22nerves,7wereexcellent,5good,7fairand3poor,withanexcellencerateof54.5%.

简介：Effortstopharmacologicallyrestorecentralnervoussystem(CNS)functionafterinjuryhashistoricallyfocusedonpromotingnervegrowthwithnervegrowthfactorssuchasnervegrowthfactor(NGF),neurotrophin3(NT3)andbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).However,spinal

简介：客观：为了分析损伤的数据，有在欺骗的地震的胸的损害的病人为更好在主要地震理解胸的损害的类型和后果承认了到医药科学(弦音器)的德黑兰大学的医院。方法：登记6的AfterBam地震。5在Richter上可伸缩，526个损伤病人进入弦音器的医院。在之中“他们，53个病人支撑了胸的损害。结果：这个组由21females(39.6%)和32男性(60.4%)组成。十五个病人(28.3%)孤立胸损害。Ribfracture(36.4%)是在我们的病人的最普通的损害，haemo/pneumothorax(25.5%)列在后面。表面的损害是最普通的伴随损害。有胸损害的多重损伤的病人与孤立的胸损害(P=0.003)有更高的损害严厉分数(ISS)对病人。结论：胸墙损害和haemo/气胸在地震的幸存牺牲品包括损害的一个可观的数字。因而，这些病人的多数能与观察或试管thoracostomy被对待。我们应该训练并且装备健康工人和救援队的成员在这块地里对待并且设法这些病人。

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