简介：AbstractImportance:Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake. However, their accuracies have been controversial in children.Objective:To validate the performance of three commonly used methods—the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) methods. Additionally, this study explored the accuracies of the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods by using spot urine samples taken at four separate times.Method:Forty-one adolescents aged 14 to 16 years completed two non-consecutive 24-hour urine collections and their mean values were used as reference data. The second-morning urine was used for assessment with the Kawasaki method; a casual spot urine and spot urine samples taken at four separate times (morning, afternoon, evening, and overnight) were used for assessment with the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods.Results:The mean differences were 1801 mg, 542 mg, 47 mg, and -31 mg for the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT1 (with potassium), and INTERSALT2 (without potassium) methods with their required spot urine, respectively. The proportions of relative difference levels within ± 10% were 4.9% for the Kawasaki method, 19.5% for the Tanaka method, 36.6% for the INTERSALT1 method, and 36.6% for the INTERSALT2 method.Interpretation:The INTERSALT method seemed to provide minimally biased estimations of mean population sodium intake with casual spot urine. However, there is a need to be cautious regarding inconsistencies in estimation among different levels of sodium intake. The methods assessed in this study were unable to accurately estimate sodium intake at the individual level.

简介：TheaconitebelongstoplantsofgenusAconituminfamilyofRanunculaceaandhavenotableclinicalfunctionsintreatingrheumaticarthritis,heartfailure,etc.However,accidentsofaconitine(fromaconite)poisoningfrequentlyoccurtomanypeopletakingtheseherbs.

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简介：有electrochemiluminescence察觉的新、简单的毛状的电气泳动为分离和一双diastereoisomeric碱(麻黄素和pseudoephedrine)的quantification被开发。察觉的限制(S/N=3)4.5是?????????€牂????€??€午???丠？？

简介：Objective:Toevaluatethevalueofligasechainreaction(LCR)inthediagnosisofdiplococcusgonorrhoeaeinurine.Methods:LCRdetectionoftheurineforNeisseriagonorrhoeaeandbacteriacultureofdischargewasper-formedsimultaneouslyto276patientswithurethritisorcervicitisseekingtreatmentinsextransmitteddis-eases(STDs)outpatientclinic.Forspecimenswithdiscordantresults,polymerasechainreactionwasconducted.ThepurposewastodetecttherespectivesensitivityandspecificityofbacteriacultureandLCR.Results:24of276(8.7%)patientshadpositiveLCRresultsand21of276(7.6%)werepositiveforculture.5specimenshaddiscordantresultsfromLCRandbacteriaculture.ThesensitivityandspecificityofLCRinthediagnosisofgonorrhoeaewere92.3%and100%respectively.Conclusion:ThisstudyshowedthatLCRhadahighersensitivityandspecificityforthediagnosisofgonorrhoeaefromurine.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigateU.parvum(previouslyUreaplasmaurealyticumbiovar1)andU.urealyticum(previouslyUreaplasmaurealyticumbiovar2)andtheirsubtypesandserovarsinurinespecimensofpregnantwomen.Methods:Aftercollecting151specimensandinoculatingbroth,allbrothculturepositive(ureasepositive)specimenswereamplified,specieswereidentifiedandsubtypedbyusinggeneralprimers,species-specific,andtype-specificprimerstargetingthemultiplebandedantigen(MBA)genesequence.Results:U.parvumwasidentifiedin58of151specimensandU.urealyticumin18(bothwerepresentin5,andneitherwerefoundin6).Serovars3,1,and6werethemostcommonamongU.parvumisolatesandsubtypes1and3werethemostcommonamongU.urealyticum.Multipleserovarsamongclinicalisolateswerefound.Conclusion:ThisPCR-basedtypingsystemcouldfacilitatestudiesoftherelationshipbetweenindividualureaplasmaspeciesorsubtypesandhumandiseases.

简介：Objective:Tocomparethesensitivityandspecificityofthecervical/urethralswabswithvoidedurinespecimensforthedetectionofgenitourinarytractinfectionwithChlamydiatrachomatisanddeterminewhetherurinespecimenscanreplacethecervical/urethralswabsindetectionofC.trachomatis.Methods:Thematchedcervical/urethralswabsandvoidedurinespecimenswerecollectedfrom569patientsofSTDclinics.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)assayspecificforC.trachomatisplasmidDNAandrapidantigentesting(Clearviewassay)wasusedtodetectC.trachomatis.Standardcriteriathatdefined""""true""""positiveincluded:1)positivePCRresultsbothincervical/urethralswabandvoidedurinespecimenor2)positivevoidedurineresultsbothbyPCRassayandclearviewtestor3)positiveresultsinbothPCRassayofcervical/urethralswabandclearviewtestofvoidedurine.Forstatisticalanalysis,thechi-squaretestwasused.Results:TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithsymptomswas12.1%(28/231)inwomenand10.4%(10/96)inmen,withnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(x^2=0.21,P>0.05).TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithnosymptomswas11.0%(11/100)inwomenand15.5%(22/142)inmen,withasignificantdifferenceexistingbetweenthem.(x^2=4.0,P<0.05).Nosignificantdifference(P>0.05)existedbetweenPCRtestingofswabs(sensitivity87.3%;specificity99.2%)andPCRtestingofurine(sensitivity88.7%;specificity98.8%).Asforclearviewassay,sensitivitywas60.6%andspecificitywas100%.Conclusions:PCRassayissuperiortoclearviewindetectingC.trachomatis.AlthoughbothPCRtestingofswabsandPCRtestingofurinespecimensbothhavehighsensitivityandspecificity,urinespecimentestingismorecost-effective,practicalandnoninvasive.ThusurinespecimenscantaketheplaceoftheswabsinPCRtestingforchlamydia.

简介：目的：观察电针治疗宫颈癌术后尿潴留的疗效。方法：治疗组按辨证分型采用电针治疗，对照组采用常规方法治疗，5d为1个疗程。结果：治疗组有效率为96．7％，治愈率为76．7％；对照组有效率为70．0％，治愈率为36．7％。两组间有效率、痊愈率比较，差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：电针疗法是治疗宫颈癌术后尿潴留的较佳方法。

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简介：Objective-TocomparetheconsistencyoftheresultsfromdetectingHIV-1antibodyinthepairedurineandserumspecimensfromdrugusersbyELISA.Methods:Thepairedurineandserumspecimensfrom273drugusersdetainedatadetoxificationunitwerecollected,andtheHIV-1antibodiesinthespecimensofthemwerescreenedbyurineandserumELISAkits,respectively.Results:Of273serumspecimens,94onesshowedpositivereactionandamong94counterparturinespecimens,93onesalsoappearedpositivereaction.Takingtheresultstogether,theconsistentrateofHIV-1antibodyscreenedbyurineandserumELISAkitswas99.6%.Conclusion:TheurineELISAkit,whichscreenedHIV-1antibodyofurineshowingalmostthesameresultstestedbyserumELISAkit,isreliable.ItisproposedthaturineELISAbeintroducedinmanyfields.

简介：AbstractBackground:BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is an important cause of dysfunction and failure of renal transplants. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of morning urine specific gravity (MUSG) in diagnosing BKPyVAN in kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A total of 87 patients, including 27 with BKPyVAN, 22 with isolated BKPyV viruria, 18 with T cell-mediated rejection(TCMR), and 20 with stable graft function, were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2015 to February 2017. MUSG at biopsy and during a follow-up period of 24 months after biopsy was collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of MUSG to discriminate BKPyVAN.Results:At biopsy, the MUSG of BKPyVAN group (1.008 ± 0.003) was significantly lower than that of isolated BK viruria group(1.013 ± 0.004, P < 0.001), TCMR group (1.011 ± 0.003, P = 0.027), and control group (1.014 ± 0.006, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MUSG among the isolated BK viruria group, TCMR group, and control group (P = 0.253). In BKPyVAN group, the timing and trend of MUSG elevate were consistent with the timing and trend of the decline of viral load in urine and plasma, reaching a statistical difference at 3 months after treatment (1.012 ± 0.003, P < 0.001) compared with values at diagnosis. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of MUSG for diagnosis of BKPyVAN was 1.009, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.721–0.937). For differentiating BKPyVAN and TCMR, the optimal MUSG cut-off value was 1.010, with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.687–0.934).Conclusion:Combined detection of MUSG and BKPyV viruria is valuable for predicting BKPyVAN and distinguishing BKPyVAN from TCMR in renal transplant recipients.

简介：Objectives:Toevaluatetheefficacyofnestedpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)withfirstvoidurine(FVU)forthediagnosisofMycoplasmahominisinmalepatients.Methods:MatchedFVUspecimensandurethralswabswerecollectedfrom194malepatientswithNongonococcalUrethritisandtestedbynestedPCRandcellculture.Cellculturewasusedasagoldstandardforevaluatingotherassaytechniques.Results:ForFVUnestedPCRassayandFVUcellculture,ourresultsshowedthatthesensitivitywas100%and93.3%;specificitywas97.0%and98.2%;positivepredictivevalue(PPV)was85.7%and90.3%,negativepredictivevalue(NPV)was100%and98.8%,respectively.Thetotalconsistencybetweenthetwotechniqueswas97.4%.Conclusions:ForthediagnosisofMycoplasmahominisinmen,nestedPCRdetectingFVUisahighlysensitiveandspecificmethod.FirstvoidurinecanreplaceswabcultureorPCRintermsofacceptabilityandfeasibility.

简介：草酸钙的同时的生长上的钾柠檬酸盐(K_3cit)的导致的效果单音--(COM)，di-(货到付款)，和在合成的尿的trihydrate(简易窄床)晶体与凝胶状的technique.K_3cit能导致的两倍散开被观察货到付款和简易窄床的形成，禁止聚集并且减少COM晶体的表面积。它支持了clinical使用ofK_3cit并且可以为新药在痊愈并且在搜索提供重要线索给这疾病。

简介：AbstractPurpose:To investigate the clinical value of urine interleukin-18 (IL-8), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) related urosepsis.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out in 157 patients with urosepsis after URL. The patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the Kidigo guideline and urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these three biomarkers for postoperative AKI.Results:The level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h (p < 0.01). The ROC analysis showed the combined detection of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 at 12 h had a larger area under curve (AUC) than a single marker (0.997, 95% CI: 0.991-0.998), and the sensitivity and specificity were 98.2% and 96.7%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of urine NGAL at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h in AKI patients were positively correlated with the levels of urine KIM-1 and IL-18 (p < 0.01).Conclusion:AKI could be quickly recognized by the elevated level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with URL-related urosepsis. Combined detection of the three urine biomarkers at 12 h after surgery had a better diagnostic performance, which may be an important reference for the early diagnosis of AKI.