简介:通讯作者张琦(1974.10-),本科,主管护师,吉林大学第一医院ICU。摘要目的研究重度心衰所致四肢高度浮肿患者长期静脉输注药物的有效途径,寻求使药物达到最佳疗效的方法。方法对40例重度心衰所致四肢高度浮肿患者随机分为两组,试验组(n=20)采取PICC建立静脉通路;对照组(n=20)采取传统四肢外周静脉建立静脉通路。观察药物达到疗效所用时间以及住院时间。结果试验组除1例死亡外,其余19例均治疗好转出院,平均住院天数(8)天。对照组死亡3例,放弃治疗1例,其余16例治疗好转出院,平均住院天数12天。结论PICC能够最大程度上使药物进行有效循环,并且能够在最短时间内使药物发挥作用,同时减少了患者反复静脉穿刺的痛苦。
简介:摘要目的讨论眼睑松弛矫正术。方法查阅文献资料并结合个人经验进行归纳总结。结论眼睑皮肤松弛手术治疗,除严重的皮肤垂脱,遮住视线或合并睑缘位置异常者,其手术的目的仅仅为切除过度伸展的皮肤改善面容。
简介:AIM:Topresenttheoutcomeofmodifiedgridlaserphotocoagulation(GLP)indiffusediabeticmacularedema(DDME)ineyeswithoutextrafovealand/orvitreofovealtraction.METHODS:InclusioncriteriafortheretrospectivestudywereDDMEeyesofpatientswithtypeⅡdiabetesmellitusthathad≥4monthsoffollow-upfollowingGLP.Onlyoneeyeperpatientwasanalyzed.Using3-Dspectral-domainopticalcoherencetomography(3-DSDOCT),eyesthathadeitherextrafovealorvitreofovealtraction,orhadbeenpreviouslytreatedbyanintravitrealmedication(s)wereexcluded.TreatedDDMEeyesweredividedinto4groups:A)'Classic'DDMEthatinvolvedthecentralmacula;B)edemadidnotinvolvethemacularcenter;C)eyesassociatedwithcentralepiretinalmembrane(ERM);D)DDMEthatwasassociatedwithmacularcapillarydropout≥2disc-diameter(DD).RESULTS:GLPoutcomein35DDMEeyesafter4-24(mean,13.1±6.9)monthswasasfollows:GroupA)18eyeswith'classic'DDME.Followingoneor2(mean,1.2)GLPtreatments,best-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)improvedby1-2Snellenlinesin44.4%(8/18)ofeyes,andworsenedby1linein11.1%(2/18).Centralmacularthickness(CMT)improvedby7%-49%(mean,26.6%)in77.8%(14/18)ofeyes.CausesofCMTworsening(n=4)werecommonlyexplainable,predominantly(n=3)associatedwithemergenceofextrafovealtraction,5-9monthspost-GLP.GroupB)GLP(s)inDDMEthatdidnotinvolvethemacularcenter(n=6)resultedinimprovedBCVAby1-2linesin2eyes.However,thecentralmaculabecameinvolvedintheedemaprocessaftertheGLPin3(50%)eyes,associatedwithanemergenceofextrafovealtractioninoneoftheseeyes4monthsfollowingtheGLP.GroupC)GLPfailedinall5eyesassociatedwithcentralERM.GroupD)GLPwasofpartialbenefitin2of6treatedeyeswithmacularcapillarydropout≥2DD.CONCLUSION:EyeswithDDMEthatinvolvedthemacularcenterwerefoundtoachievefavourableoutcomesafterGLP(s)duringmid-termfollow-up,unlesscomplicatedpre-GLPorpost-GLPbyvltreoretinalinterfaceabnormalities,oftenextrafovealtra