简介:运用定位监测研究了雷竹林不同垦复方式(块状垦复、沿等高线带状垦复和全垦)下地表径流量和氮素养分流失状况。结果表明:垦复措施在一定程度上减少了地表径流,与未垦复林地相比,块状垦复减少幅度最大,平均减少23.49%;带状垦复次之,减少18.93%;全垦减少幅度7.52%。就土壤中全氮养分的维持而言,块垦效果优于带垦,带垦好于全垦;不同垦复方式对土壤中铵态氮含量的维持有一定差异,但差异未达到显著水平。不同垦复方式径流中的泥沙量由大到小的顺序为:全垦〉未垦复(对照)〉带垦〉块垦;块垦和带垦分别较全垦减少泥沙流失10.60%和8.02%,林地的水土保持效益十分明显。
简介:摘要:常见的可利用的雨水按其收集面性质可分为路面雨水、屋面雨水、绿地雨水。其中城市屋面雨水仅收纳大气及屋面本身的污染物,其水质远远优于道路表面收集到的雨水,绿地草坪的渗透能力比较强,能收集到的雨水数量有限,因此将屋面收集到的雨水作为水资源加以回收利用,其可行性较大。我国对于屋面雨水径流水质的研究起步较晚,最先在北京、重庆、哈尔滨、南京等地进行了屋面径流的相关试验研究,国内对于雨水的利用主要停留在道路冲洗、绿化浇洒、冲洗厕所等方面,对雨水水质的研究尚浅。
简介:Thedrivingfactorsofrunoffchangescanbedividedintoprecipitationfactorandnon-precipitationfactor,andtheycanalsobedividedintonaturalfactorandhumanactivityfactor.Inthispaper,thewaysandmethodsofthesedrivingfactorsimpactingonrunoffchangesareanalyzedatfirst,andthenaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenprecipitationandrunoff,theanalyticalmethodaboutimpactsofprecipitationandnon-precipitationfactorsonbasin'snaturalrunoffisderived.Theamountandcontributionratesofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffbetweeneverytwoadjacentdecadesduring1956-1998arecalculatedintheYellowRiverBasin(YRB).Theresultsshowthattheamountandcontributionrateofthetwofactorsimpactingonnaturalrunoffaredifferentindifferentperiodsandregions.FortheYRB,thenon-precipitationimpactispreponderantfornaturalrunoffreductionafterthe1970s.Finally,bychoosingmainfactorsimpactingonthenaturalrunoff,oneerrorback-propagation(BP)artificialneuralnetwork(ANN)modelhasbeensetup,andtheimpactofhumanactivitiesonnaturalrunoffreductionintheYRBissimulated.Theresultshowsthatthehumanbackgroundof1956-1979.