简介：Thenaturalworldspentbillionsofyearsinsolution-findingduringevolution,whichcouldbenefitTechnology.Howdoweputthatinanutshell?Biologicalsystemsaremorecomplexthanthemostcomplexcurrenttechnology.Anygivenfunctionandeffectaresimultaneouslycoordinatedandlinkedwithothersatmanylevelsofbiologicalorganisation-fromcellorganelletoorganism,topopulationandecosystem.Technologydoesnothavetoolstodealwiththecomplexityand"goalintendedness"oflivingsystems.Butlimitsforinteractionexistonbothsides-Biologicalscienceitselfisalsotooempiricalandnotmatureenoughtoprovideasolidbaseforcorrelatinglivingwithtechnicalsystems.Movingtowardsasynthesis,whereengineerscanutilizethevastamountofavailablebiologicaldata,wesuggestusingatoolcalled"TheoryofInventiveProblemSolving"(TRIZ)andclarifyingsomeimportantmethodologicalissues,whichhavenotpreviouslybeenrecognisedinbionicengineering:1)Requirenentformoreappropriatedefinitionsof"system","effect","function","law"and"rule".2)Requirementforunderstandingorevenmeasuringthedegreeofcontradictionoranalogybetweenfunctionsinbiologicalandartificialand/ornon-livingengineeringsystem-thereisnosimpledirectcorrelationbetweenwhatengineersfindusefulandwhatbiologydoes.

简介：在在癌症的发展和前进考虑genomic混乱的关键事件，在genomic不稳定性和carcinogenesis之间的关联当前在调查下面。在这个工作，我们建议一条引入的逻辑编程途径到为乳癌为进化模式建模的问题。用这条途径，提取能被使用以便开发并且交付最足够的治疗到病人的疾病的阶段的指纹是可能的。而且，如此的一个模型能在位于错误瀑布下面的分子的动力学的说明帮助医生和生物学家在carcinogenesis后面当模特儿。由显示出在真实世界的数据集上获得的结果，我们试着关于如此的假设的知识驱动的确认的进一步的途径给一些提示。

简介：Microporoustitaniumcarbidecoatingwassuccessfullysynthesizedonmedicalgradetitaniumalloybyusingsequentialcarburization.Changesinthesurfacemorphologyoftitaniumalloyoccasionedbysequentialcarburizationwerecharacterizedandthewettabilitycharacteristicswerequantified.Furthermore,thedispersionforceswerecalculatedanddiscussed.Theresultsindicatethatsequentialcarburizationisaneffectivewaytomodifythewettabilityoftitaniumalloy.Afterthecarburizationthesurfacedispersionforceoftitaniumalloyincreasedfrom76.5×10-3J·m-2to105.5×10-3J·m-2,withanenhancementof37.9%.Meanwhilethecontactangleoftitaniumalloydecreasedfrom83°to71.5°,indicatingasignificantimprovementofwettability,whichismuchclosertotheoptimalwatercontactangleforcelladhesionof70°.