简介：ObjectivesPlasmauricacid(UA)concentrationwassuspectedtoelevateinelderlywithischemiccardiomyopathy(ICM).MethodsWeanalyzedthedataof235elderlyaged60yearsandolderwithcoronaryheartdisease:silentmyocardialischemiaoranginapectorisconfirmedbyangiography.Amongthesepatients,154hadICMdefinedasleftventricularend-diastolicdiameter(LVDd)male>55mm,female>50mm(mean:63.51±7.70mm)measuredbyechocardiography.DifferenceinUAwasanalyzedbetweenpatientswithandwithoutICM.ResultsTherewassignificantincreaseofUAinICMcomparedwithnon-ICM(432.82±143.05umol/Lvs361.06±137.35umol/L,P<0.05);andUAwaspositivelyrelatedtoLVDd(r=0.25,P<0.05).ConclusionsTherewassignificantincreaseofUAinelderlywithICMduetolongtermsilentmyocardialischemiaandanginapectoris.Moreover,UAwaspositivelyrelatedtoLVDd.

简介：ObjectiveTorecordtheendocochlearpotential(EP)andcalculatepotassiumconcentration[K+]inMinipigcochleae.MethodsWeusedmulti-barreledelectrodestomeasuretheEPandthepotential,[K+].EPandpotassiumelectroderecordingweremadein9cochleaefrom5minipigstogetnormalEPvalues.ResultsTheaverageEPvalueinthecochleafromtheminipigswas77.3±14mV.Theaverage[K+]fortheminipigswas147.1±13mM.ConclusionsTheEPandpotential,[K+]inminipigsarelowerthaninthehumanandrodents.ThismaybethereasonwhyporcineABRthresholdsareslightlyhigherthanhumansandrodents.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Vancomycin treatment failure against vancomycin-susceptible gram-positive cocci is not rare in the intensive care unit (ICU). One of the reasons for this is the substandard drug trough concentration. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that the target serum concentration could be reached earlier with a loading dose of vancomycin.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted at our ICU between June 2018 and June 2020 and involved patients who were suspected of having, or confirmed to have, gram-positive cocci infection and treated with vancomycin. One group of the patients was administered a loading dose of vancomycin (loading group) and compared with the group that did not receive a loading dose (control group). The baseline characteristics, vancomycin serum concentrations, and clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed.Results:Fifty-five patients were finally included, of which 29 received a loading dose of vancomycin. The serum concentration of vancomycin before the second dose was significantly higher for the loading group than for the control group (10.3 ± 6.1 mg/L vs. 5.7 ± 4.4 mg/L, P = 0.002). The results for both groups were similar before the fifth dose (12.4 ± 7.3 mg/L vs. 10.3 ± 6.3 mg/L in the loading and the control groups, respectively; P = 0.251). The 28-day mortality was lower for the loading group than for the control group (6.7% vs. 34.6% in the loading and control groups, respectively; P = 0.026). No significant differences were observed in serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations of the two groups.Conclusion:With the loading dose of vancomycin, the target serum concentration of vancomycin may be reached earlier without increasing the risk of acute kidney injury.Trial registration:https://www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR2000035369

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简介：Minipigmodelsarelargemammalsandtheirearsaremoresimilarwithhumanbeingsinstructureanddevelopmentthanotheranimals.However,thestudyonporcineearsisstillintheinitialstageandthereisnodescriptionofanidealoperationapproachtoendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurements.Inthisarticle,wedescribeapre-auricularsurgicalapproachtoaccessthemiddleandinnerearforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasuresinminipigmodels.Tenone-weekoldnormalminipigswereusedinthestudy.Thebullaofthetemporalbonewasaccessedviaapre-auricularapproachforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurements.Theconditionoftheanimalsduringthefirstpost—experiment24hwasobserved.Oneanimaldiedduringsurgery.Thepreauricularapproachimprovedprotectionandpreservationofrelevantnervousandvascularelementsincludingthefacialnerveandcarotidartery.So,thepre-auricularapproachcanbeusedforendocochlearpotentialandpotassiumionconcentrationmeasurementswithimprovednerveandarterypreservationminipigs.

简介：AbstractBackground:The antioxidant effects of bilirubin in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have recently gained much attention from the research community. However, results from these studies have been conflicting. This meta-analysis is conducted to assess the relationship between the serum bilirubin concentration and the risk of PD.Methods:Two reviewers performed a systematic literature search across five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). The case-control studies regarding bilirubin levels in PD patients published up to April 2020 were included. These studies were subjected to rigorous scrutiny and data extraction to determine the standard mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), which were analyzed using the Stata V.12.0 statistical software.Results:A total of eight studies which included 1463 PD cases and 1490 controls were incorporated into our meta-analysis. SMD analysis showed that there was a higher total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels in PD patients compared with controls (for TBIL, SMD: 0.300, 95% CI: 0.050-0.549, P = 0.018; for DBIL, SMD: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.102-0.688, P = 0.008). However, no significant relationship was found between the serum indirect bilirubin and PD patients (SMD: -0.223, 95% CI: -0.952-0.505, P = 0.548). A subgroup analysis based on ethnicity indicated that the serum TBIL was higher in PD patients of Caucasian descent in contrast to matched healthy controls (SMD: 0.511, 95% CI: 0.324-0.698, P = 0.000, I2 = 58.0%).Conclusion:Higher serum bilirubin levels in PD patients suggest that bilirubin might play a role in the pathogenesis of PD and have the potential to be utilized as a biochemical marker for PD diagnosis and treatment.

简介：Amathematicalmodelhasbeenformulatedinaccordancewithcellchemotaxisandrelevantexperimentaldata.Athree-dimensionallatticeBoltzmannmethodwasusedfornumericalsimulation.Thepresentstudyobservedtheeffectsofglialscarsizeandinhibitorconcentrationonregenerativeaxonalgrowthfollowingspinalcordtransection.Thesimulationtestcomprisedtwoparts:(1)whenreleaseratesofgrowthinhibitorandpromoterwereconstant,theeffectsofglialscarsizeonaxonalgrowthratewereanalyzed,andconcentrationsofinhibitorandpromoterslocatedatthemovinggrowthconeswererecorded.(2)Whentheglialscarsizewasconstant,theeffectsofinhibitorandpromoterreleaseratesonaxonalgrowthratewereanalyzed,andinhibitorandpromoterconcentrationsatthemovinggrowthconeswererecorded.Resultsdemonstratedthat(1)alargerglialscarandahigherreleaserateofinhibitorresultedinareducedaxonalgrowthrate.(2)Theaxonalgrowthratedependedontheratioofinhibitortopromoterconcentrationsatthegrowthcones.Whentheaverageratiowas<1.5,regeneratingaxonswereabletogrowandsuccessfullycontacttargetcells.

简介：胆碱是在精子膜结构和流动性的规定的一个关键因素，并且这营养素在成熟和精子的使肥沃的能力起一个重要作用。phosphatidylethanolamineN-methyltransferase(PEMT)和胆碱脱氢酶(CHDH)的抄本，胆碱新陈代谢的二基本的酶，在人的睾丸被观察了，在这纸巾表明他们的基因表示。在现在的学习，我们探索了PEMT和CHDH基因变体的贡献到精子参数。200oligospermic和250个normozoospermic人被招募。DNA从精子，和PEMT−被提取；774G>；C和CHDH+；432G>；T多型性是genotyped。PEMT−的遗传型分发；774G>；C多型性没在oligospermic和normozoospermic人之间不同。相反，在CHDH+的情况中；432G>；T多型性，oligospermic人比normozoospermic人更经常介绍了CHDH432G/G遗传型(62%；对42%；，P<；0.001)。PEMT774G/G遗传型在oligospermic人与PEMT774G/C和774C/C遗传型相比与更高的精子集中被联系(12.5±；5.6×；106精子ml−1对8.3±；5.2×；106精子ml−1,P<；0.002)并且normozoospermic人(81.5±；55.6×；106对68.1±；44.5×；106精子ml−1,P<；0.006)。另外，CHDH432G/G遗传型在oligospermic与CHDH432G/T和432T/T遗传型相比与更高的精子集中被联系(11.8±；5.1×；106对7.8±；5.3×；106精子ml−1,P<；0.003)并且normozoospermic人(98.6±；62.2×；106对58.8±；33.6×；106精子ml−1,P<；0.001)。在我们的系列，PEMT−；774G>；C和CHDH+�

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofelectroacupuncture(EA)andVerapamilandNifedipine(calciumchannelinhibitors)onfreecalciumconcentrationsofcellsandintrasynaptosomesinhypothalamus(HT),periaqueductualgreymatter(PAG)andhippocampus(HIP)ofmice.Methods:ThefemaleICRmicewererandomlydividedintocontrol,EA,CaCl2andCaCl2+EAgroups(n=8ineachgroup).Painthresholdwasdetectedbyusingradiation-heatirradiation-inducedtailflickmethod.EA(8Hz,asuitablestimulatingstrength,dense-sparsewavesanddurationof30min)wasappliedto'Shuigou'(水沟GV26)and'Chengjiang'(承浆CV24).CaCl2(10μL,0.2μmol/L)wasinjectedintothelateralcerebralventricleofmiceafterEA.Theconcentrationsofcytosolicfreecalcium([Ca2+]i)inHIP,PAG,HTcellsuspensionspecimenandhippocampalintrasynaptosomesuspensionofmiceweredeterminedbythefluorescentcalciumindicatorFura-2-AMandaspectrofluorometer.Results:DuringEAanalgesia,theintracellularfree[Ca2+]iinHTandPAGspecimensandintrsynaptosomal[Ca2+]iofthe3cerebralregionsdecreasedconsiderably(P<0.05～0.01),butthatinhippocampalcellsuspensionincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)incomparisonwithcontrolgroup.Theconcentrationsofhippocampalintrasynaptosomalfree[Ca2+]idecreasedsignificantlyafteraddingVerapamilandNifedipinetotheextractedhippocampalintrasynaptosomalspecimen.MicroinjectionofCaCl2intolateralventriclehadnoapparentinfluenceondegreeofanalgesia(DA)%andintracellularandintrasynapsotomal[Ca2+]i,butsignificantlylowerDA%andreducechangesofcytosolicandintrasynaptosomal[Ca2+]iinducedbyEAstimulation.Conclusion:CalciumionintheneuronsandintrasynaptosomeofHT,PAGandHIPisinvolvedinelectroacupunctureanalgesia.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy with standard regimen remarkably improves survival in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). However, the influence of long-term TMZ chemotherapy on serum ions concentration is unclear.Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight patients with HGG were included. Their blood samples were collected for blood biochemistry and routine test. The alteration in serum ions concentration, total protein, albumin, globin, and blood cells counts were used to identify the impact of long-term TMZ chemotherapy.Results:Through the comparation of quantitative value of diverse parameters among different chemotherapy cycles, we identified that serum potassium concentration had a downward trend after TMZ administration (1st vs. 6th, p < 0.001; 1st vs. 12th, p < 0.001). Additionally, the correlation analysis showed that platelets was negatively correlated with chemotherapy cycles (r = -0.649, p = 0.023). The hematological adverse events mainly centered on grade 1 to 2.Conclusion:Long-term administration of TMZ may lead to serum ions disturbance. Besides the myelosuppression, we should pay attention to the alteration in serum ions concentration, and give patients proper symptomatic treatment when necessary.

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatetherelationshipofserumleptinconcentrationwiththelipidsandbodymassindex(BMI)inpatientswithchroniccongestiveheartfailure(CHF).MethodsTheserumconcentrationofleptinin39patientswithCHF(14incardiacfunctionclassⅡ,21inclassⅢ,4inclassⅣ,NYHA)andin46patientswithcardiacfunctionclassⅠ(NYHA)wereassessedbyradioimmunoassay.ResultsTheserumconcentrationofleptinwere9.018±4.519μg/linCHFgroup(cardiacfunctionclassⅡ11.492±5.649μg/l,classⅢ7.763±3.321μg/l,classⅣ6.100±2.657μg/l);11.674±6.911μg/linclassⅠgroup.TheserumconcentrationsofleptinweresignificantlylowerinCHFgroup,ascomparedwithclassⅠgroup(P<0.05).Moreover,thedecreaseofserumleptinconcentrationwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththedecreasedserumconcentrationsoftotalcholesterol,triglyceride,bodymassindexandleftventricularejectionfractioninCHFgroup,respectively(P<0.05).ConclusionsThesignificanceofthedecreaseinserumleptininCHFpatientsneedsfurtherstudy.

简介：Previousstudieshaveshownthatbaicalinpreventedironaccumulationaftersubstantianigrainjury,reduceddivalentmetaltransporter1expression,andincreasedferroportin1expressioninthesubstantianigraofrotenone-inducedParkinson’sdiseaserats.Inthecurrentstudy,weinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenironaccumulationandtransferrinexpressioninC6cells,toexplorethemechanismsoftheinhibitoryeffectofbaicalinonironaccumulationobservedinParkinson’sdiseaserats.Ironcontentwasdetectedusinginductivelycoupledplasma-atomicemissionspectroscopy.Resultsshowedthatironcontentdecreased41%afterblockingdivalentmetaltransporter1andferroportin1proteins.Aftertreatmentwithferricammoniumcitrateofdifferingconcentrations(10,50,100,400μg/mL)inC6gliomacells,cellsurvivalrateandferroportin1expressionwerenegativelycorrelatedwithferricammoniumcitrateconcentration,butdivalentmetaltransporter1expressionpositivelycorrelatedwithferricammoniumcitrateconcentration.Baicalinordeferoxaminereduceddivalentmetaltransporter1expression,butincreasedferroportin1expressioninthe100μg/mLferricammoniumcitrate-loadedC6cells.Theseresultsindicatethatbaicalindown-regulatedironconcentration,whichpositivelyregulateddivalentmetaltransporter1expressionandnegativelyregulatedferroportin1expression,anddecreasedironaccumulationinthesubstantianigra.

简介：Severalstudieshavedemonstratedthattheamountofbeta-amyloid(Aβ)proteininthebraincanbeloweredbydown-regulatingAβproduction,promotingAβdegradation,reducingAβoligomerizationordeposition,therebyalleviatingsymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.Curcuminhasbeenknowntobeaperoxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorgamma(PPARγ)agonistandcanobviouslyinhibitAβproductionandoligomerization.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectsofcurcuminontheβ-siteAPPcleavingenzyme1(BACE1)activityandPPARγexpressioninhumanneuroblastomaSH-SY5Ycells,andvalidatedtheinhibitoryeffectsofcurcuminonAβ40/42expressioninthebrain.ResultsrevealedthatPPARγmRNAandproteinexpressioninthehumanneuroblastomaSH-SY5Ycellssignificantlyincreasedwithincreasingcurcuminconcentrationandtimecourse(P<0.05);BACE1mRNAandproteinexpressionandAβ40/42productionsignificantlydecreasedwithincreasingcurcuminconcentrationandtimecourse(P<0.05).ThechangesinPPARγandBACE1expressionduringAβproductioncouldbereversedbythePPARγantagonistGW9662.ThesefindingsindicatethatcurcuminreducedAβproductionbyactivatingPPARγexpressionandinhibitingBACE1expressioninaconcentration-andtime-dependentmanner.

简介：AbstractBackground:Since the diagnostic value of aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) calculated by plasma renin concentration (PRC) or plasma renin activity (PRA) is still inconclusive, we conducted a meta-analysis by systematically reviewing relevant literature to explore the difference in the diagnostic efficacy of ARR calculated by PRC or PRA, so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to March 2021. We included studies that report the true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative values for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, and we excluded duplicate publications, research without full text, incomplete information, or inability to conduct data extraction, animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews. STATA 15.1 was used to analyze the data.Results:The pooled results showed that ARR (plasma aldosterone concentration [PAC]/PRC) had a sensitivity of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.86), a specificity of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92-0.95), a positive-likelihood ratio (LR) of 12.77 (95% CI: 7.04-23.73), a negative LR of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.07-0.17), and symmetric area under the curve (SAUC) of 0.982, respectively. Furthermore, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of ARR (PAC/PRC) was 180.21. Additionally, the pooled results showed that ARR (PAC/PRA) had a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95), a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90-0.93), a positive LR of 7.30 (95% CI: 2.99-17.99), a negative LR of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.04-0.26), and SAUC of 0.976, respectively. The DOR of ARR (PAC/PRA) was 155.52. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis for the different thresholds (<35 or ≥35) of PAC/PRC. The results showed that the DOR of the cut-off ≥35 groups was higher than the cut-off <35 groups (DOR = 340.15, 95% CI: 38.32-3019.66; DOR= 116.40, 95% CI = 23.28-581.92).Conclusions:The research results suggest that the determination of ARR (PAC/PRC) and ARR (PAC/PRA) was all effective screening tools for PA. The diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic value of ARR (PAC/PRC) are higher than ARR (PAC/PRA). In addition, within a certain range, the higher the threshold, the better the diagnostic value.

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简介：BackgroundTotheeffectofpercutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI)onplasmalevelofN-terminalpro-Btypenatriureticpeptide(NT-proBNP)inpatientswithcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)andnormalleftventricularfunction.MethodsOnehundredandfivepatientswithCHDandnormalventricularfunctionwereenrolled.BloodsamplesforassessmentofNT-proBNPandcTn-TwerecollectedbeforeandafterPCI.ResultsThemeanleftventricularejectionfractionwas60.3±5.3%.Afterrevascularization,theleveloflgNT-proBNPwassignificantlyreduced(2.40±0.44vs2.23±0.43,P<0.001).SubgroupanalysisshowedthattheleveloflgNT-proBNPwasconsistentlydecreasedindifferentclinicalclassifications(stableangina45,unstableangina31andacutemyocardialinfarction29)andtarget-vesselrevascularization(leftanteriordescendingartery30,leftcircumflexartery26andrightcoronaryartery49),andin99patientswithoutelevationofpost-proceduralcTnT,butitshowedatrendofnon-significantincreasein6patientswithelevatedcTn-T.ConclusionsOurstudydemonstratesthatsuccessfulPCIreducesplasmaNT-proBNPconcentrationinpatientswithCHDandnormalventricularfunction.ThisimplicatesthattheimpactofPCIshouldbeconsideredintheinterpretationofNT-proBNPchangeinclinicalpractice,andfurtherstudiesarenecessarytoinvestigatethedirectand/orindirecteffectofmyocardialischemiaonBNP/NT-proBNP.