简介：Thebuyer-supplierrelationshipplaysagreatroleinmosteconomicsystems.Thebuyingfirmusuallytriestofindanewsupplierwhoprovidesproductswithsatisfyingqualityandlowerprice.Abroadbranchofliteraturedealswiththedevelopmentofbuyer-supplierrelationships,butlimitedresearchisonthecircumstancesunderwhichabuyershouldterminatesucharelationshipandswitchtoanewsupplier.Inthispaper,theincentivecompatibilityconstraint(IC)whichinducestheentrantsuppliertoreporthistruecostisconsidered,andtheparticipationconstraint(PC)whichensurestheentrantsuppliertogetatleastreservationprofitistakenintoaccount.Thenthesupplierswitchingmodelissetuptominimizethebuyingfirm’stotalprocurementcostwhichincludesthetransferpaymenttotheincumbentsupplier,thepaymenttotheentrantsupplierandtheswitchingcost,andthebuyingfirm’sswitchingcostisconsideredasafunctionoftheswitchingquantity.WiththetheoreticalanalysisofIC,PCandtheproposedmodel,theoptimalsupplierswitchingstrategycanbeobtained.Finally,anumericalexampleisgiventoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmodelandtheswitchingstrategy.

简介：1IntroductionPollingsystemstriggeredextensiveresearcheffortsthatcontinuedoverthelasttwodecades.Duringthisperiodnumerousresearchersfromallareas,mainlyengineering,findthatpollingsystemsarepowerfultoolsinmodelingawidevarietyofapplications.Therangeofapplicationsinwhichpollingmodelcanbeusedisverybroad.Ontheba-sisofthecyclicpolling,inthispaperanewmodel,theasymmetriccyclicpollingmodelwithlimited(k=1)serviceindiscretetimeinloopLANofATMnetworks,issetup,andithasthefollowingcharacteristics:

简介：Thequantitydiscountcontractsareinvestigatedforaone-supplier-one-retailersupplychainwithasymmetricinformationwhentheretailer'scostisdisrupted.Whiletheretailer'scoststructureisasymmetricinformation,twoall-unitquantitydiscountcontractmodels,fixedexpected-profitpercentagediscount(FEPD)andfixedwholesale-pricingpercentagediscount(FWPD)underasymmetricinformationareproposedinaregularscenario.Whentheretailer'scostdistributionfluctuatesduetodisruptions,the...

简介：Asymmetricstereoscopicvideocodingcantakeadvantageofbinocularsuppressioninhumanvisionbyrepresentingoneofthetwoviewsinlowerquality.Thispaperproposesabitallocationstrategyforasymmetricstereoscopicvideocoding.Inordertoimprovetheaccuracyofbitallocationandratecontrolintheleftview,aproportionalintegral-derivativecontrollerisadopted.Meanwhile,tocontrolthequalityfluctuationbetweenconsecutiveframesoftheleftview,aqualitycontrollerisadopted.Besides,afuzzycontrollerisproposedtocontrolthevariationinqualitybetweentheleftandrightviewsbycomparingthePSNRdisparityoftwoviewswithafixedthreshold,whichisusedtoquantizethebinocularpsycho-visualredundancyandadjustthequantizationparameter(QP)oftherightviewcorrespondingly.TheproposedalgorithmhasbeenimplementedinH.264/AVCvideocodec,andtheexperimentalresultsshowitseffectivenessinratecontrolwhilekeepingagoodqualityfortheleftview,andfewerbitsareallocatedfortherightviewsothattheoverallbitrateissavedby7.2%atmostwithoutthelossofsubjectivevisualqualityforstereoscopicvideo.