简介：学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或观测性上具有新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录;或是某种已知原理应用于实际中取得新进展的科学总结,用以提供学术会议上宣读、交流或讨论;或在学术刊物上发表;或作其他用途的书面文件．

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简介：1.基本定义学术论文是对某个科学领域中的学术问题进行研究后表述科学研究成果的理论文章。学术论文的写作是非常重要的,它是衡量一个人学术水平和科研能力的重要标志。在学术论文撰写中,选题与选材是头等重要的问题。一篇学术论文的价值关键并不只在写作的技巧,也要注意研究工作本身。在于你选择了什么课题,并在这个特定主题下选择了什么典型材料来表述研究成果。科学研究的实践证明,只有选择了有意义的课题,才有

简介：学术论文的标题与其他文章的标题不同,具有很强的实用性.应该从论文标题的专指性人手,认真探讨怎样拟好学术论文的标题,以使其发挥出应有的作用.

简介：学术论文也叫科学论文或研究论文,它具有议论文(评论)和应用文的某些特点,是针对某一科学领域中(包括社会科学与自然科学)的新情况和新问题,进行调查研究或考察实验,然后把科研成果整理成文章,就是学术论文。学术论文包括:高等院校的学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文,科研机构的考察报告、实验成果,以及发表在学报和专刊上的探讨各种学术问题的文章。

简介：（接上期）6．参考文献（1）参考文献著录项目a．主要责任者（普通图书作者、论文集主编、学位申报人、专利申请人、报告撰写人、期刊文章作者、析出文献作者等）。多个责任者之间以“，”分隔。注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点。

简介：1．题名题名应简明、具体、确切，能概括文章的要旨，符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字，必要时可加副题名。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式（参见GB7713）。英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。

简介：学术就是对某一学科问题的科学研究及其所获认识的成果，而学术性就是对某一学科问题研究有创见、有价值的特性，它最集中地表现为能在前人已有知识的基础上提供新知识。学术论文的学术性就是该论文体现出的作者对某一学科问题的研究有创见、有价值的特性。学术论文的学术性集中体现在学科性、创新性和科学性。

简介：8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives,Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of,the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose

简介：撰写学术论文是一名高校科技、教育工作者必须具备的基本功，撰写论文并与适当学术刊物联系以求发表出去是大家经常要面对的事务。一篇学术论文是否能被称为优秀的学术论文，如何评价学术论文的优劣，本文就此问题谈谈自己的看法。

简介：转述动词是学术论文中一种普遍的语言现象。作者在转述他人的观点和研究成果时，往往通过转述动词表明作者对被转述人研究成果的态度，从而为自己建立了研究空间。转述动词是学术论文中最清晰的评价手段之一。本文重点探讨了转述动词在学术论文中的分类、作用。

简介：读书要思考，思考的标志是能提出问题，而要提出问题必须有“怀疑一切”的精神，并能疑人之所不疑。当我们的论文选题确定后，读书则要有明确的目的。我们在论文写作的过程中，要善于对观点与材料进行分析与归纳，还要注意运用比较研究的方法。

简介：xx.19.Amajorthrustofthepaperistodiscussapproachesandstrategiesforstructuring..methods20.Thisillustrationpointsouttheneedtospecify21.Theultimategoalisbothdescriptiveandprescriptive.22.Chapter2.LiteratureReview23.Awealthofinformationistobefoundinthestatisticsliterature,afuzzysetmodel..20.Section5containssomeconclusionsplussomeideasforfurtherwork.21.Section6illustratesthemodelwithanexample.22.VariouswaysofjustificationandthereasonsfortheirchoicearediscussedverybrieflyinSection2.23.InSection2arepresentedtheblockdiagramexpressionofawholemodelofhumanDMsystem24.InSection2weshalllistacollectionofbasicassumptionswhicha...schememustsatisfy.25.InSection2ofthispaper,xx

简介：论文标题是学术论文的眉眼，对标题的英译应坚持准确、简练以及流畅的标准。本文以大量发表的英译论文标题为样本，探讨了当前论文标题英译中应注意的几个问题，以期对当前的中文学术期刊的英译工作具有一定的借鉴意义。

简介：is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper,a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper,including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3

简介：引用是一种最主要的文本构成方式。引用的使用可以帮助写作者再现客观世界,体现文本的开放性特征。根据其在学术论文文本中出现的标记性,可以将引用分为显性引用和隐性引用,并随着标记性的递减构成一条由直接引用、转述、参考、暗示、抄袭的引用连续统。语篇组织方面,学术论文中的引用增加了学术论文的连贯性和多元性。同时,规范的引用保证了学术论文的客观性、独创性以及＂避免攻击性＂,从而成为学术论文写作中必不可少的一部分。

简介：引言部分可以说是论文水平的标杆和“亮剑”,它也可成为前言、导言,类似新闻写作中的导语.俗话说“好的开始是成功的一半”.在论文实质内容具有创新性、科学性、价值性的前提下,讨论怎样写好引言对于我们提高写作水平和科研基础能力具有重要的意义.完整的引言应当包括写作目的及服务的对象、写作的背景、揭示问题、问题的重要性、写作路径、研究的前提和假设、框架和导读之内容.

简介：美是人的本质力量的对象化,它存在于人类的一切社会实践活动之中。作为人类认识自然和改造自然成果结晶的学术论文从本质上也是美的,语言美是其重要的组成部分。学术论文语言美的范畴属于现实美,学术论文语言美的特征主要包括准确性、抽象性、简洁性、层次性、规范性。

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简介：据悉,某省在近期职称评审中规定,凡是在收费刊物上发表论文的,今年一律剔除,不加分也不减分;明年在收费刊物上发表论文的,不但不加分,还要按篇减分。笔者为这样的规定叫好!这一举措,彻底阻断了一些刊物只要交钱就能发表＂论文＂的生财之路,也有利于广大作者在论文写作上走上正途。