简介：基于非平衡热力学理论，最小的精力驱散率原则能从最小的熵被导出生产率原则。最小的熵生产率原则等价于最小的精力驱散率原则。为了验证液体运动追随者最小精力驱散率原则，RNGk骚乱模型和GMO，流动3D当模特儿被使用在笔直地矩形的斜槽模仿液体运动。结果证明那个液体运动满足最小的精力驱散率原则。冲积的河的最小的精力驱散率的有效性与地数据被测试了。当一个河系统以一个相对平衡状态时，它的精力驱散率的价值在最小。最小的值取决于用于河系统的限制。由于一条河的动态性质，然而，最小的价值可以变化与对时间和地点各自。统一溪流力量原则的最小的溪流力量和最小是更一般的最小的精力驱散率原则的特殊、简化的版本。

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简介：静态、运动学的testings被使用IGS5min，30年代和5s间隔调查在精确的点放的精确卫星钟产品(PPP)答案。测试结果证明IGS卫星钟的采样率在静态的PPP答案上有很小的效果。精确卫星钟的采样间隔的所有三种类型能满足放精确性的公里厘米水平；更高的采样率没为PPP答案有重要改进。然而，卫星钟的采样率在运动学的PPP在PPP答案上有重要影响。越高卫星钟的间隔，精确性完成了越多更好。运动学的PPP的精确性完成了由用30s间隔，精确卫星钟被使用精确卫星钟和30s间隔卫星钟能几乎生产的5min间隔被将近3050%关于答案改进运动学的答案的一样的精确性。而且，从不同分析中心的精确卫星钟产品的使用可以也差不多在PPP答案上生产效果。

简介：在南方印度洋的年度subduction率被分析数据吸收(苏打)在19502008的时期输出的简单海洋计算。为潜在的密度班的subduction率普查在南方印度洋副热带的旋回的西南的部分显示出相应于印度洋副热带的模式水(IOSTMW)的一座山峰。混合层深度越深，在现在的气候学的混合层前面和联系相对更快的发行量越sharper导致了更大的侧面的正式就职，它首先dominantsIOSTMWsubduction率，当时与从垂直的抽的仅仅次要的贡献。没有概论的损失，通过在最小的垂直温度坡度(LMVTG)的层的水特征的小心的分析，作者建议IOSTMW作为thermostad被识别，与低潜在的涡度的侧面的最小(PV，吗不到200湯漠?敌????猯'T￣牯嘠污猼扵?????汁?桴獥??晲捡楴獮栠摡猠杩楮楦慣瑮愠瑣癩瑩?湡?瑳'L汩瑩?景攠畭獬晩捩瑡潩?湵敤?慶楲畯???牦浯??琠?㈱??琠浥数慲畴敲爠湡敧?牦浯㈠‰潴ㄠ?讬鶝??顟????醰??????颮鑈？？

简介：Byanalyzinghigh-resolutionSPOTimagesandincombinationwithfieldworkandchronometry,threetypicalfault-offsetsitesonthesouth-middleAltynTaghstrike-slipfaultwerestudiedtoobtainthesinistralhorizontalsliprateofthefault.AtAnnanba,theleft-lateralstrike-sliprateonabranchofthesouthAltynTaghfaultis7.5±1.7mm/asince9.36±0.73kaBP.AtSevenSpring,thefaulthasfourbranchesandtheleft-lateralstrike-sliprateononeofthemis2.3±0.5mm/asince13.86±1.07kaBP,anditisdeducedthatthetotalsliprateofallthefourbranchesis6.9±1.5～9.2±2.0mm/asinceHolocene.AtYuemakeqi,theleft-lateralstrike-sliprateofthefaultis10.6±3.0mm/asince4.73±0.38kaBP.Aslip-rateof7～11mm/aonthemiddlesegmentoftheAltynTaghfault(between88°30'Eand93°05'E)sinceHolocenecanbededucedfromthethreesitesmentionedaboveandtheresultissimilartothelatestGPSobservation.

简介：Inthispaper,weadopttheobservationdataoftwo10HzYRY4-componentboreholestrainmetersandone100HzFBS-3BbroadbandseismometertostudytheresponsesoftheirobservationstotheApril11,2012MW8.6earthquakeoffthewestcoastofnorthernSumatra,andcomparetheresponsecharacteristicsduringthecoseismicstageafterpreprocessingofthedata.Weanalyzethespectrum’sdynamicprocessduringthecoseismicstagewiththeStransformationmethod,anddiscussthespectrum’sdetailsindifferentseismicphases.TheStransformationresultsofthedataofseismometerandboreholestrainmeteratthesamestationshowthatthecoseismicspectrumevolutionofthetwokindsofobservationaresimilartoeachotherandcanbecross-referencedinindentifyingthewavesignals,whichprovesthattheboreholestrainmetermeasurementsathighfrequenciesarereliable.

简介：Transientratedeclinecurveanalysisforconstantpressureproductionispresentedinthispaperforanaturallyfracturedreservoir.Thisapproachisbasedonexponentialandconstantbottom-holepressuresolution.Basedonthismethod,whenln(flowrate)isplottedversustime,twostraightlinesareobtainedwhichcanbeusedforestimatingdifferentparametersofanaturallyfracturedreservoir.Parameterssuchasstoragecapacityratio(ω),reservoirdrainagearea(A),reservoirshapefactor(C_A),fracturepermeability(k_f),interporosityflowparameter(λ)andtheotherparameterscanbedeterminedbythisapproach.TheequationsarebasedonamodeloriginallypresentedbyWarrenandRootandextendedbyDaPratetal.andMavorandCinco-Ley.Theproposedmethodhasbeendevelopedtobeusedfornaturallyfracturedreservoirswithdifferentgeometries.Thismethoddoesnotinvolvetheuseofanychartandbyusingthepseudosteadystateflowregime,theinfluenceofwellborestorageonthevalueoftheparametersobtainedfromthistechniqueisnegligible.Inthistechnique,alltheparameterscanbeobtaineddirectlywhileinconventionalapproachesliketypecurvematchingmethod,parameterssuchasωandλshouldbeobtainedbyothermethodslikebuild-uptestanalysisandthisisoneofthemostimportantadvantagesofthismethodthatcouldsavetimeduringreservoiranalyses.Differentsimulatedandfieldexampleswereusedfortestingtheproposedtechnique.Comparisonbetweentheobtainedresultsbythisapproachandtheresultsoftypecurvematchingmethodshowsahighperformanceofdeclinecurvesinwelltesting.

简介：RiverbedscourofthemainchannelbyfloodsintheYellowRiveranditstributarieswasinvestigated,includingscourbyhyper-concentratedfloods.Floodscourusuallycausesvariationofrivercross-sectionsinawaysimilartothatoccuredwhenthesedimentinflowislessthanthesediment-ladencapacity.Scourrateequationforthemainchannelderivedbasedonthemomentumandcontinuousequationswasverifiedbyfielddata.Thisequationindicatesthatunsteadyflowscourrateisproportionaltotheflowdensity,thevelocityofthefloodpeak,therisingrateofflowdischargeperunitwidth,andsoon.TheMaximumscourdepthafterafloodcouldbepredictedbythescourrateequationproposedinthispaper.

简介：Anoptimalactiveslidingmodecontrollerwithspecifieddecayratedesignisproposedtocontrolthewave-inducedoffshorejacket-typeplatformwithactivemassdamper(AMD).IrregularwaveloadingisapproximatedbyfinitesumsofFourierseries,anditsdynamiccharacteristicsaregovernedbyanexosystemderivedfromthelinearizedMorisonequation.Theoffshoreplatformsystemisfirstdecomposedintotwovirtualsubsystemsbasedonalineartransformation.ByconsideringthevelocityofAMDasavirtualcontrolforceforthefirstsubsystem,theoptimalvirtualcontrollerisderived.Furthermore,anoptimalslidingmodesurfacewithspecifieddecayrateisproposed.Then,theactiveslidingmodecontrollerisdesignedtoensurethatthestatetrajectoriesreachtheslidingsurfaceinfinitetimeandremainonitthereafter.Numericalsimulationisemployedtoverifytheeffectivenessoftheproposedapproach.

简介：这篇论文在污水处理和絮凝率上处理了在微生物引起的凝聚剂(MBF)的效果之间的非并行，高絮凝率doesn“t平均数好处理有效性，并且揭示了遇到的问题什么时候独占的参数—絮凝率被用来在污水处理上评估MBF的效果。Theresults证明用不同的碳来源做的MBF在污水处理的有效性上有一些影响；絮凝率不能确实地反映污水处理的地位。什么时候独占的参数—絮凝率被用来在污水处理上评估MBF的效果，它将被夸大，特别在处理货到付款低的污水。作者认为当絮凝率被用来在污水处理上评估MBF的效果时，考虑货到付款移动率更好。

简介：ThedeformationpatternndHoloceneslipratealongtheFukangfaultinEasternTianshan,Chinaareanalyzedandstudiedusingthedataobtainedinfieldinvestigation.TheresultindicatesthattheFukangfaultconsistsof4low-anglesouth-dippingthrustfaultswithstepover,displayingrecenttectonicactivity.Themovementalongtheterminationpartsofthefaultisweaker,withanaverageverticalsliprateof0.13-0.33mm/ainHolocene,andalongthemiddlepartofthefaultisstronger,withanaverageverticalslipratelargerthan1.42mm/ainHolocene.TheHolocenedeformationpatternalongthefaultdisplaysgenerallysteadyslip,multi-phaseintermittentmovementalongitswesternsegment,andpersistentmovementalongitsmiddleandeasternsegments.whichhavecausedrapiddislocationuptothesurfaceinanearlierphase.

简介：Xianshuihe差错地区是一个seismo基因的差错地区左侧面在西南中国滑倒。自从1725，59Ms≥5.0地震沿着这个差错地区发生了，包括18Ms6.0-6.9和八Ms≥7.0地震。Xianshuihe差错地区的地震风险是对西方的四川经济走廊的大、现实主义的威胁。基于以前的研究，我们执行了地在差错地区的地质的调查和遥感解释。另外，地球物理的调查，trenching并且标明日期年龄在关键部分被进行更好理解差错地区的几何学，空间分发和活动。我们推断把差错地区划分成二部分：西北部分和东南分开，与总数八片断。他们的晚第四级滑动率在11.5mm/a的一个范围变化-(3±1)mm/a。Xianshuihe差错地区的地震活动经常、强壮，期刊，并且重新发生。联合历史的地震的空间、时间的分发，Xianshuihe差错地区的地震危险被使用在不同差错片断引起的地震的大小和频率之间的关系预言了。预言结果证明在Daofu和Qianning之间的片断有Ms≥7.0地震，当在Shimian和Luding之间的片断是可能的有地震时关于Ms7.0。建立GPS或表面排水量的基于InSAR的即时监视网络盖住Xianshuihe差错地区，和地震的一个早警告系统并且张贴地震geohazards盖住主要居住区域被建议。

简介：特别为道路线住所，马来西亚切割斜坡对侵蚀和山崩敏感。这些问题主要由于植被盖子和强壮的腐蚀力量的缺乏发生。另外，地形学因素也成为了影响土壤降级的一个主要因素。因此，这研究针对决定种选择的种的密度的效果，也就是Melastomamalabathricum；一，二，和三棵幼苗每盒子在在在Guthrie走廊高速公路的不同取向(早上和晚上阳光)的选择斜坡的侵蚀率上，Selangor。在六月观察内，有早上阳光斜坡上的三个幼苗/盒子的处理在晚上阳光斜坡上与一样的处理比那些在69.2%显示出更低的侵蚀率。另外，在月六点记录的三棵幼苗(最后的观察)的处理有土壤浸透水平(STL)的最高的减小，在23.6%。而且，种类的生理的价值学习了，在早上阳光斜坡上成年，分别地由12.1%and15.8%(三个幼苗/盒子)以有气孔的传导力和光合的率是更高的。全面结果证明那植物密度是相反地在斜坡上与STL和侵蚀有关评价。在结论，三个幼苗/盒子和早上阳光取向的种的密度在植物上给了积极效果斜坡的生理的性能，减少STL，以及减轻斜坡土壤的侵蚀率。

简介：Astructurefunctionapproachisappliedtoestimatetheturbulentkineticenergy(TKE)dissipationrateinthebottomboundarylayerofthePearlRiverEstuary(PRE).SimultaneousmeasurementswithanacousticDopplervelocimeter(ADV)suppliedindependentdatafortheverificationofthestructurefunctionmethod.Theresultsshowthat,1)thestructurefunctionapproachisreliableandsuccessfullyappliedmethodtoestimatetheTKEdissipationrate.Theobserveddissipationratesrangebetween8.3×104W/kgand4.9×106W/kginYM01andbetween3.4×104W/kgand4.8×107W/kginYM03,respectively,whileexhibitingastrongquarter-diurnalvariation.2)Thebalancebetweentheshearproductionandviscousdissipationisbetterachievedinthestraightriver.Thisfirst-orderbalanceissignificantlybrokenintheestuarybynon-shearproduction/dissipationduetowave-inducedfluctuations.

简介：InthispaperthemeteorologicalbackgroundfortheformationofplumefromtheforestfireinNortheastChinaon7—8May1987isstated.Thelong-rangeinstantaneousdiffusionparametersarecalculatedbyusingthesatellitephotographoftheplumeswithvisiblelengthrangingfrom100toover500kin.Theresultsofcal-culationshowthattherelationsbetweeninstantaneousdiffusionparameterandtraveltime(upto60000sec.)obeythelawoflinearor3/2power.Inaddition,heatreleasefromthefireonMay7—8estimatedbypuffrisingformulacanmeet,inrespecttotheorderofmagnitude,thevaluegainedonthefieldsurvey.

简介：StandardmetabolicratesofSchlegelsblackrockfishwithdifferentbodyweightsaredeterminedinlaboratorybyusingtheflow-throughrespirometerat11.2℃,14.7℃,18.0℃and23.6℃.Theresultsindicatethatthestandardmetabolicratesincreasewiththeincreaseofbodyweightatdifferenttemperatures.RelationshipbetweenthemcouldbedescribedasRs=aInWb.Themeanofstandardmetabolicrateissignificantlydifferentamonggroups,butthebvaluesarenot.Thestandardmetabolicratesofamendedstandardbodyweightsdecreasewiththeincreaseoftemperature,andthemeanofstandardmetabolicrateisalsosignificantlydifferentamonggroupswhenthestandardbodyweightsare48.6g,147.9g,and243.1g.RelationshipbetweenthemcouldbedescribedasRsw=me-bT.Therelationsofstandardmetabolicrate(Rs)orrelativemetabolicrate(Rs)tobodyweightandtemperatureyieldthefollowingequations:Rs=1.160W0.752e-9.494/7andRs1=1.160W0.254e-9.494/7.

简介：WithwellsPuguang2and6inthePuguanggasfieldastheresearchobjectsbychoosingorganiccarbonascharacterizationreservoircarbon(indirectlyreflectingthebitumencontents),thispaperdiscussestherelationshipbetweenbitumencontentsandlithologiccharacteristics,reservoircharacteristics,andcalculatesthevolumeofpaleo-oilandoilcrackedgas.Thestudyshowsthattheorganiccarboncontentsofthereservoirsarerelatedtolithologiccharacteristics.Duetovariationsintheparticlesizeorstructureofrocks,theporosityofthereservoirsvaries,furthermore,itwillinfluencethecontentsoforganiccarbon.Andtherelationshipbetweenthesetwoparametersispositive.Basedontheanalysis,therelationshipbetweentotalorganiccarbon(TOC)andthecontentsofreservoirbitumenalsoappearstobepositive.Thevolumeofpaleo-oilandcrackedgasoftheChangxing-Feixian’guanFormationarerespectively495milliontonsand360.4billionm3throughthecalculationofreservoir’sorganiccarbon.Therefore,therelationshipbetweencarbon-bearingrateandcharacteristicsofthereservoirscanbeusedtoindirectlyevaluatereservoirtypes.Besides,thecarbon-bearingrateofthereservoirsalsoreflectsthecontentsofreservoirbitumen,paleo-oilaswellasnaturalgas.Itmakesanewapproachforthestudyofthetypesofreservoirsandtheamountsofpaleo-oilandoilcrackedgasinnortheasternSichuanBasin.

简介：Theresultsfrominterpretationoftheaerophotosandin-situseismogeologicalresearchesshowthattherearesomeobviouslate-QuaternaryactivitiesalongtheMoxi-Mianningsegmentoftheniedbysomesignificantverticalslipcomponents.Sincelate-Quaternary,theaveragehorizon-talsliprateofthesegmentatthesouthofMoxialongtheXianshuihefaultis6.0-9.9mm/aand4.7-5.3mm/aalongthesegmentatthenorthofMianningoftheAnninghefault.There-sultsfromtheinvestigationofcoseismicdislocationandgroundruptureshowthatthegroundrupturecausedby1876Kangding-LudingearthquakewithM7^3/4canextendtothesouthofTianwan.ThesegmentatthenorthofMianningoftheAnninghefaulthasabackgroundforproducingM7.5earthquakeandthegeologicalrecordofthelaststrongearthquakemustbetheproofsofthe1327earthquakewithM>6.0withpoorhistoricalrecords.

简介：ThetimeseriesofannualandseasonalgrowthrateoftwocoralPorites,collectedatdifferentsitesoffringereefintheSanyaBay,HainanIslandhavebeenobtainedbyanalyzingX-radiographofskeletalband.Thereareobviousseasonalvariationsofthegrowthrateintwocorals,theaveragelowrateinwinterandtheaveragehighratefromspringtoautumn.Comparedwiththetimeseriesofenvironmentalvariables,thecoralgrowthrateisonlycorrelatedstatisticallywithseawatertemperatureandnotrelatedtorainfallandsunshine.Furthermore,thegrowthrateinspringandsummeriscorrelateddirectlywithseawatertemperatureofthewinter-earlyspring(betweenDecemberandMarch)andtheotherseasonalgrowthratehasnorelationshipwithseasonalvariationsofseawatertemperature.Weproposethatseawatertemperatureisoneofthefactorsaffectingthecoralgrowthrateintheareaandthelowseawatertemperatureisaprimarycontroloftheseasonalgrowthrate.