简介：鉴于在在波浪前面构造方法的非常规的四边的格子和常规矩形格子节点之间的相对的放问题，有放方法的四个格子的具体实现问题(向量十字产品判断，角度和，交叉点，并且签署比较算法)在通常在计算机被使用的波浪前面建设，图形在这被比较并且分析纸。在在波浪前面建设在非常规的四边的格子和常规矩形格子节点之间放的亲戚的实现基于地点方法，向量十字产品判断方法更快的计算例子表演和比另外的方法精确的更多的稳定性分析。它为移植和demigration的下一步提供精确格子点属性价值。

简介：AnumericalsimulationofatorrentialraineventoccurringintheJiang-HuaiValleyofChinafrom22-24June1999isperformedandanalyzedbyusingthePSU/NCARMM5mesoscalenon-hydrostaticmodel.Thehigh-resolutionmodeloutputdataareutilizedtodiagnosethedoublefrontstructure,andthedistributionsofpotentialtemperature,equivalentpotentialtemperature,andspecifichumidityinthevicinityoftheMeiyuFrontSystem(MYFS)intheJiang-HuaiValley.TheresultsshowthatboththepotentialtemperaturegradientandthespecifichumiditygradienthaveimportantimpactsonthetwostrongequivalentpotentialtemperaturegradientzonesassociatedwiththedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFS,butthelatter(moisturegradient)ismoreimportant.Inaddition,thetendencyequationofspecifichumiditygradientistheoreticallyderived.Itshowsthatvariationsofthespecifichumiditygradientarerelatedtotheadvection,convergence/divergence,horizontalandverticalvorticities(secondarycirculation)effectsandthegradientofwatervaporsource/sink.Asanexample,thebudgetofthemeridionalcomponentofthetendencyequationisselectedanddiagnosedbyusingtheabovemodelsimulationdataofthetorrentialrainevent.Itisshownthatthevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientaveragedthroughoutthesimulationismainlycontrolledbytheconvergence/divergenceeffect,thesecondarycirculationeffectassociatedwiththehorizontalvorticities,andthewatervaporsource/sinkeffect.Sincethewatervaporsource/sinkisoftenformedfromthephasechangeprocessesofwatervaporintheairandthusdirectlyassociatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsprocesses,thevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientiscloselyrelatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsandthedistribution,developmentandevolutionofcloudandrainfallsystems.ThedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFSprovidesanadvantageousenvironmentalconditionforthedevelopmentandmovementofthemesoscaletorrentialrain

简介：阵风前面是一种中央规模和经常引起严肃的地面风和风的微规模的天气现象砍。这份报纸论述一个自动阵风前面鉴定算法。完全，879件雷达卷扫描样品从发生在在2009和2012之间的中国的21个阵风前面天气过程选择了被检验并且分析。阵风前面回响在反射率，速度，和光谱宽度地的统计特征被获得。把特征基于这些，一个算法被设计认出阵风前面并且产生产量产品和量的索引。然后，315件样品被用来证实算法和3个典型案例被分析。主要结论包括：1)因为狭窄的乐队回响紧张在5和30dBZ之间，宽度在2和10km之间，最大的高度是不到4km(89.33%比3km低)，并且长度在50和200km之间。狭窄乐队的回响比它的包围回响高。2)阵风前面介绍一根集中线或风在速度地里砍；当距离向外放射状地增加时，正面的风速度逐渐地减少。光谱阵风前面的宽度大，与87.09%超过4ms<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>1。3)用前面卷扫描取样测试算法的315阵风表明算法是高度稳定的并且成功地认出了277件样品。算法也为小规模或弱的阵风前面工作。4)雷达数据质量在算法上有某些影响。

简介：一个模型(贝叶斯的海洋的前面察觉，BOFD)海表面温度(SST)在卫星的前面察觉--导出的SST图象基于阀值间隔被介绍，在象气候、环境的研究或渔业那样的不同应用程序被过去常。模型首先由使用一个Sobel算法模板计算SST坡度。根据坡度价值，阀值间隔被一个坡度决定累积直方图。根据这阀值间隔，前面候选人能被获得，优先的概率和可能性的能是计算的。候选人是否是前面点，能被使用贝叶斯的决定理论决定。模型在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流前面区域的部分的先进很高分辨率的辐射计图象上被评估。结果与使用方法在文学建议了的几SST前面察觉获得的那些相比。这比较证明BOFD不仅压制噪音和小规模的前面，而且保留连续前面。

简介：Waveabsorbingstructureshavebeenwidelyappliedinmanycountries.Inthepresentpaper,thewaveheightsinfrontofaverticalwaveabsorbingstructurewithrubblefoundationaswellasinthewavechamberofthestructureareanalysedusinganapproximativecalculationmethod,andthedissipatingeffectofthestructureisverified.Onthebasisoftheresultsofregularwaves,therelativewaveheightsofirregularwavesinfrontofthewaveabsorbingstructureaswellasinthechamberhavealsobeenanalysed.

简介：沿着在长江的更低的活动范围的Meiyu前面的重降雨事件在2009年6月23日与一个mesoscale骚乱旋涡被连接，这被发现，它从行星的边界层(PBL)发源并且以后向上发展了并且被使用过滤方法的Shuman-Shapiro发现。在在这个过程的PBL(PMDV)的mesoscale骚乱旋涡在Doppler雷达回响对应于很好短时间的暴风雨。从先进天气研究和预报模型(ARW)的高分辨率的模拟结果的分析证明沿着在PMDV的产生以前的Meiyu前面的南部的温暖的节有几表面骚乱。PMDV与mesoscale交往了对流系统(MCS)并且加强了本地对流降水。在PBL的北方和西南流动在PMDV形成的时候收敛了。同时，到旋涡的南方方面的PBL的顶上的一口西南的喷气增强了上升运动和集中。因此，shear线的强壮的冷空气流动北方什么时候shear线向南遇到了西南流动，被结束PMDV被产生。在PBL，西南风的增强，和北方风的向南方的侵略的集中线为PMDV的发展是批评的。当它在底层便于集中，潜伏的热的版本为PMDV的形成被发现关键。

简介：Atwo-dimensionalnumericalmodelisconstructedtostudytheinteractionbetweenthecoastalupwellingandthecoastalfrontoffZhejiangcoastinsummer.Inthef-planemodel,theshelftopography,continuousstratification,andRichardsonnumber-dependenteddycoefficientsareconsidered.Theresultsshowthatthecoastalup-wellingoffZhejianginsummercanbedividedintotworegions,thenearshoreone(RegionA)andtheoffshoreone(RegionB).InRegionA,thealongshorewindstresshasmoreimportanteffectonthecoastalupwellingwhileinRegionB,theupwellingismainlyinducedbytheTaiwanWarmCurrent.TheresultsalsosuggestthattheformationofcoastalfrontoffZhejianginsummeriscloselyrelatedtothestrengthofthecoastalupwellinginRegionA.

简介：Biogeochemicalcharacterofdissolvedinorganicnitrogenandphosphateatplumefrontisstudiedbasedonthedata,whichwereobservedintheChangjiangRiverEstuaryin1988.Theresultsareasfollows:Theconcentrationsofnitrateandphosphatechangeabruptlyatplumefrontandhalocline.TheconcentrationsofNO-2andNH+4areveryhighat10～25mdepth.TheverticalcircumfluencetransportsNO-3andPO3-4,whicharereleasedfromorganismsatthebottomtophytoplankton.

简介：Foghasrecentlybecomeafrequenthigh-impactweatherphenomenonalongthecoastalregionsofNorthChina.Accuratefogforecastingremainschallengingduetolimitedunderstandingofthepredictabilityandmechanismoffogformationassociatedwithsynoptic-scalecirculation.Onefrequentsynopticpatternoffogformationinthisareaisassociatedwithcoldfrontpassage(cold-frontsynopticpattern,CFSP).ThispaperexploredthepredictabilityofatypicalCFSPfogeventfromtheperspectiveofanalyzingkeycharacteristicsofsynoptic-scalecirculationdeterminingfogforecastingperformanceandthepossiblemechanism.TheeventwasensembleforecastedwiththeWeatherResearchandForecastingmodel.Twogroupsofensemblememberswithgoodandbadforecastingperformancewereselectedandcomposited.Resultsshowedthatthepredictabilityofthiscasewaslargelydeterminedbythesimulatedstrengthsofthecold-frontcirculation(i.e.,troughandridgeandtheassociatedsurfacehigh).Thebad-performingmemberstendedtohaveaweakerridgebehindastrongertrough,andassociatedhigherpressureoverlandandaweakersurfacehighoverthesea,leadingtoanadverseimpactonstrengthanddirectionofsteeringflowsthatinhibitwarmmoistadvectionandenhancecolddryadvectiontransportedtothefocusregion.Associatedwiththiscolddryadvection,adversesynopticconditionsofstratificationandmoistureforfogformationwereproduced,consequentlycausingfailureoffogforecastinginthefocusregion.Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofaccuratesynoptic-scaleinformationforimprovedCFSPfogforecasting,andenhancesunderstandingoffogpredictabilityfromperspectiveofsynoptic-scalecirculation.

简介：Langshan，一座单斜晶的山，自从渐新世，开始高举，围住Hetao盆的西北边缘。活跃正常Langshan范围前面差错的连续活动在Langshan区域形成典型basin-and-range地形并且控制Langshan的地形进化。Langshan是一个理想的地方学习在量的geomorphological索引和活跃变丑之间的关系。根据knickpoints上的学习，在纵的隧道侧面和险峻索引上适合，我们证明隧道的规范的险峻索引的分发上的主要控制因素不是气候(降水)，岩性学，沉积流动，而是构造因素，或Langshan范围前面的活动指责。在东南胁腹的短隧道，其长度比16km短，可能仍然在非稳定的地位。如果不认为这些是短隧道，沿着Langshan范围前面差错的规范的险峻索引的分发象M形状模式一样出现，当在中间的节的规范的险峻索引比在两结束的那些高时。这个模式与Langshan范围前面差错的几何分割模型很好一致。在Langshan范围前面差错上联合以前的活跃构造研究，它表明Langshan范围前面差错在连接的阶段，我们现在相当推断Langshan范围前面差错是连接的结果两个都指责哪个双边地连续地独立地延长了。我们的构造geomorphological学习也支持Langshan范围前面差错在连接的阶段的结论。因为两个独立差错的连接，几knickpoints的形成可能被滑倒率变化由于构造因素引起了。基于上面的认知，我们也求婚了地质并且geomorphologicalLangshan范围前面差错的进化模型后来渐新世。

简介：新frontogenesis功能根据结果的变丑的绝对水平坡度的本地变化率被开发并且分析。与传统的frontogenesis功能不同，最新定义的变丑frontogenesis从动力学而非热力学的观点被导出。因此，因为温度和潮湿的isolines的压缩能被一个流动领域的变化直接导致，它为frontogenesis的学习是更直觉的。这新frontogenesis功能为因为mei-yu雨线典型地比温度坡度由一个强壮得多的潮湿坡度组成，在中国学习mei-yu前面是特别地有用的，并且包含大变丑流动。真实mei-yu的分析正面的降雨事件显示变丑frontogenesis功能显著地工作很好，基于潜在的温度坡度的一项措施比传统的frontogenesis功能生产更清楚的mei-yu前面。更重要地，变丑frontogenesis表演关上关联与随后(6h以后)降水模式和封面雨线为预后或甚至未来降水的预言的好、适用的意义。

简介：Thenumericalforecastsofmei-yufrontrainstormsinChinahasbeenanimportantissue.Theintensityandpatternofthefrontalrainfallaregreatlyinfluencedbytheinitialfieldsofthenumericalmodel.The4-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationtechnology(4DVAR)caneffectivelyassimilateallkindsofobserveddata,includingrainfalldataattheobservedstations,sothattheinitialfieldsandtheprecipitationforecastcanbothbegreatlyimproved.Thenon-hydrostaticmeso-scalemodel(MM5)anditsadjointmodelareusedtostudythedevelopmentofthemei-yufrontrainstormfrom1200UTC25Juneto0600UTC26June1999.Bynumericalsimulationexperimentsandassimilationexperiments,theT106dataandtheobserved6-hourrainfalldataareassimilated.Theinfluencesofmanyfactors,suchasthechoiceoftheassimilatedvariablesandtheweightingcoefficient,ontheprecipitationforecastresultsarestudied.Thenumericalresultsshowthat4DVARisvaluableandimportanttomei-yufrontrainfallprediction.

简介：Followingsimilarderivationofquasi-geostrophicQvector(Q~G),anewQvector(Q~N)isconstructedinthisstudy.Theirdifferenceisthatthegeostrophicwindinquasi-geostrophicQvectorisreplacedbythewindinQ~Nvector.ThediagnosticanalysisofQ~NvectoriscomparedwiththatofQ~GvectorinthecasestudyofatypicalMeiyufrontcyclone(MYFC)occurredoverChangjiang-Huaiheregionsduring5-6July1991.TheresultsshowthattheQ~NvectorhasmorediagnosticadvantagesthanQ~Gvectordoes.ConvergenceofQ~Nvectorat700hPaisfoundtobeagoodindicatortomimicthehorizontaldistributionofprecipitation.Q~Nvectorisfurtherpartitionedintofourcomponents:Q_(alst)~N(along-streamstretching),Q_(curv)~N(curvature),Q_(shdv)~N(shearadvection),andQ_(crst)~N(cross-streamstretching)inanaturalcoordinatesystemwithisohypse(PGpartitioning).TheapplicationofQ~NPGpartitioningintheMYFCtorrentialrainindicatesthatPGpartitioningofQ~Ncanidentifydominantphysicalprocesses.Thehorizontaldistributionof2▽·Q_(alst)~Nissimilartothatof2▽·Q~Nandmainlyaccountsfor2▽·Q~NduringtheentireperiodofMeiyu.TheeffectsofQ_(curv)~Nonrainfallenhancementfadefromthematurestagetodecaystage.Q_(shdv)~NenhancesprecipitationsignificantlyastheMYFCdevelops,andtheeffectweakensrapidlywhentheMYFCdecaysduringitseastwardpropagation.Q_(crst)~Nshowslittleimpactsonrainfallduringtheonsetandmaturephaseswhereasitdisplayssignificantroleduringthedecayphase.Q_(alst)~NandQ_(curv)~N,Q_(shdv)~NandQ_(crst)~Nshowcancellationonlyduringthedecayperiod.

简介：在这份报纸，一个理想化的不安追随者“巨浪流动概念的模型”为典型Meiyu，正面的结构被设计包括多相的microphysicalparameterization用一个非静水力学的、完整可压缩的暴风雨规模模型在Meiyu前面向中央规模结构解释ofrainbands。另外，敏感周围的南方的风的垂直分发的数字实验被进行调查中央规模的产生机制两倍雨线。数字实验的结果证明入侵的凉爽、干燥的downdraft由环境向上在北方的风戏加强了一个很重要的角色到中央规模的产生和维护两倍rainbands.Moreover，入侵的干燥、凉爽的downdraft的紧张和规模与当西的喷气的加速向上发生时，集体调整导致的第二环流的紧张有关。

简介：Inthispaper,theprincipleofmirrorimageisusedtotransformtheproblemofwavediffractionfromacircularcylinderinfrontoforthogonalverticalwallsintotheproblemofdiffractionoffoursymmetricincidentwavesfromfoursymmetricallyarrangedcircularcylinders,andthentheeigenfunctionexpansionofvelocitypotentialandGrafsadditiontheoremareusedtogivetheanalyticalsolutiontothewavediffractionproblem.Therelationofthetotalwaveforceoncylindertothedistancebetweenthecylinderandorthogonalverticalwallsandtheincidenceangleofwaveisalsostudiedbynumericalcomputation.

简介：

简介：Basedonnormalizedsix-hourlyblackbodytemperature(TBB)dataofthreegeostationarymeteorologicalsatellites,theleadingmodesofthemei-yucloudsystembetween1998and2008wereextractedbytheEmpiricalOrthogonalFunction(EOF)method,andthetransitionprocessesfromthefirsttypicalleadingmodetootherleadingmodeswerediscussedandcompared.Theanalysisshowsthat,whenthesouthernmode(EOF1)transformstothenortheasternmode(EOF3),inthemid-troposphere,alowtroughdevelopsandmovessoutheastwardovercentralandeasternChina.Thecirculationpatternischaracterizedbytwohighsandonelowinthelowertroposphere.AbeltoflowpressureissandwichedbetweentheweakhighovercentralandwesternChinaandthestrongwesternNorthPacificsubtropicalhigh(WNPSH).Coldairmovessouthwardalongthenortherlyflowbehindthelow,andmeetsthewarmandmoistairbetweentheWNPSHandtheforepartofthelowtrough,whichleadstocontinuousconvection.Atthesametime,thecentralextentoftheWNPSHincreaseswhileitsridgeextendswestward.Inaddition,transitionsfromthesouthernmodetothedualcentersmodeandthetropical-low-influencedmodewerefoundtobeatypical,andsonocommonpointscouldbeconcluded.Furthermore,thechoiceofthresholdvaluecanaffectthenumberofsamplesdiscussed.

简介：Thedaily1°×1°dataoftheAviation(AVN)model,theblackbodytemperature(TBB)dataofcloudtop,andcloudimagesbygeostationarymeteorologicalsatellite(GMS)areusedtoidentifyadew-pointfrontneartheperipheryofthewesternPacificsubtropicalhigh(WPSH).Theresultsclearlydemonstratetheexistenceofthedew-pointfront,anditsthermodynamicanddynamicstructuralcharacteristicsareanalyzedindetail.Thedew-pointfrontisatransitionalbeltbetweenthemoistsouthwestmonsoonflowandthedryadiabaticsinkingflowneartheWPSH,manifestedbyalargehorizontalmoisturegradientinthemid-lowertroposphereandconjugatedwiththemei-yufronttoformapredominantdouble-frontstructureassociatedwithintenserainfallinthemei-yuperiod.Themei-yufrontislocatedbetween30°and35°N,verticallyextendsfromthegroundleveltotheupperlevelandshiftsnorthward.Thedew-pointfrontistothesouthofthemei-ynfrontandliesupagainsttheperipheryoftheWPSH.Generally,itislocatedbetween850hPaand500hPa.Onthedew-pointfrontside,thesouthwesterlyprevailsatthelowerlevelandthenortheasterlyattheupperlevel;thiswinddistributionisdifferentfromthatonthemei-yufrontside.Verticalascendingmotionexistsbetweenthetwofronts,andtherearedescendingmotionsonthenorthsideofthemei-yufrontandonthesouthsideofthedew-pointfront,whichformasecondarycirculation.Thedynamicsofthedoublefrontsalsohavesomeinterestingfeatures.Atthelowerlevel,positiveverticalvorticityandobviousconvergencebetweenthetwofrontsareclearlyidentified.Atthemid-lowerlevel,negativelocalchangeofthedivergence(correspondingtoincreasingconvergence)isoftenembeddedinthetwofrontsoragainstthemei-yufront.Mostcloudclustersoccurbetweenthetwofrontsandpropagatedownstreaminawave-likemanner.

简介：Mid-latitudeair-seainteractionisanimportanttopicthatattractsaconsiderableamountofresearchinterest.TheKuroshioExtension（KE）isoneofthemainwesternboundarycurrentsandplaysacriticalroleinthemid-latitudeatmosphericcirculation.ThispaperusestheNCEP/NCARreanalysisandHadleyseasurfacetemperaturedatasetstoinvestigatetheinfluenceofoceanicfrontsintheKEregiononsurfaceairtemperatureinNorthAmericaovertheperiod1949–2014.AsignificantcorrelationwasfoundbetweentheKEfrontintensityandthetemperaturesoverNorthAmericainautumnandwinter.Astrong（weak）KEfrontanomalyinautumnisassociatedwithanincreasing（decreasing）surfacetemperatureoverwesternNorthAmericabutadecreasing（increasing）surfacetemperatureovereasternNorthAmerica.Inwinter,centralNorthAmericawarms（cools）whentheKEfrontisstrong（weak）.Theresponseoftheatmosphericcirculation,includingwindinthehighandlowtroposphere,troughs,andridges,tothestrengthening（weakening）oftheKEfrontisthemaincauseofthesechangesinsurfacetemperature.

简介：A4-daypersistentrainstormresultinginseriousfloodingdisastersoccurredinthenorthofFujianProvinceundertheinfluencesofaquasi-stationaryMeiyufrontduring5-8June2006.With1~x1~latitudeandlongitudeNCEPreanalysisdataandthegroundsurfacerainfall,usingthepotentialvorticity(PV)analysisandPVinversionmethod,theevolutionofmainsynopticsystems,andthecorrespondingPVandPVperturbation(orPVanomalies)andtheirrelationshipwithheavyrainfallalongtheMeiyufrontareanalyzedinordertoinvestigatethephysicalmechanismoftheformation,development,andmaintenanceoftheMeiyufront.Furthermore,thePVperturbationsrelatedtodifferentphysicsareseparatedtoinvestigatetheirdifferentrolesintheformationanddevelopmentoftheMeiyufront.Theresultsshow:theformationandpersistenceoftheMeiyufrontinaquasi-WEorientationaremainlyduetothemaintenanceofthehigh-pressuresystemsinitssouth/northsides(theWestPacificsubtropicalhigh/thehighpressurebandextendingfromtheKoreanPeninsulatoeastofNorthChina).TheMeiyufrontiscloselyassociatedwiththePVinthelowertroposphere.ThelocationofthepositivePVperturbationontheMeiyufrontmatcheswellwiththemainheavyrainfallareaalongtheMeiyufront.ThePVinversionrevealsthatthebalancedwindssatisfyingthenonlinearbalancedassumptionrepresenttoalargeextenttherealatmosphericflowanditsevolutionbasicallyreflectsthevariationofstreamflowassociatedwiththeMeiyufront.TheunbalancedflowformstheconvergencebandoftheMeiyufrontanditmainlycomesfromthehigh-pressuresysteminthenorthsideoftheMeiyufront.ThepositivePVperturbationrelatedtolatentheatreleaseinthemiddle-lowertroposphereisoneofthemainfactorsinfluencingtheformationanddevelopmentoftheMeiyufront.ThepositivevorticitybandfromthetotalbalancedwindsisinaccordancewiththeMeiyufrontbandandthemagnitudeofthepositivevorticityfromthebalan