简介：Theoreticalbeamintensitydistributionisderivedfortheneutral-beam-injectionionsourcewithamulti-slotextractioninEAST.Thebeamintensityprofile,bothalongandperpendiculartotheinjectingdirectionandthebeampowerdepositiontotheinnerelementsintheneutralbeaminjector(NBI)areevaluated.Theresultsindicatethatthetransversebeamintensityismuchhigherthanthelongitudinalone.Thisstudycouldprovideinformationforthedesignofvacuumsystem,structureofinnerelementsandcoolingsystemoftheneutralbeaminjectorinEAST.

简介：TooptimizetheoperationparametersofthebeamlineofNBIonHL-2A,featuresofthebeamline,includingthebeamprofileandthepowerdepositedoncomponentsandinjectedintothetokamakplasma,weremeasured.Theoperationalparametersofthefoursourcesonthebeamlinewereoptimizedwiththemonitorofthebeamprofileandbeampower,andthetransmissionefficiencyoftheNBIinjectedpowerwasthereforeincreased.AbeamdiagnosticsystemforthebeamlineoftheNBIsystemonHL-2Aaswellasthediagnosedresultswasalsopresented.

简介：Neutralbeaminjection(NBI)isrecognizedasoneofthemosteffectivemeansforplasmaheating.A100slongpulseneutralbeamwith30keVbeamenergy,10Abeamcurrentanda100slongpulsemodulatingneutralbeamwith50keVbeamenergy,16AbeamcurrentwereachievedintheEASTneutralbeaminjectoronthetest-stand.ThepreliminaryresultssuggestthatEAST-NBIsysteminitiallypossesstheabilityoflongpulsebeamextraction.

简介：NeutralbeaminjectorforEASTisdesignedtodeliverdeuteriumbeamswithapowerof2MWto4MWatanenergyof50keVto80keVintotheplasmawithabeamdimensionof12cm×48cm.Consideringthebeamgenerationandtransmission,acolumniformbeam-lineofΦ250cm×400cmisdesignedwithaneutralizer,iondump,calorimeter,bendingmagnetandcryopanels.Thearrangementoftheinternalelementsforthebeam-lineisreported.Arectangularsleevecoupledtotheionsourceisemployedastheneutralizer.Atthedownstreamoftheneutralizer,adipolemagnetseparatestheresidualionsfromthebeampassagewithareflectionradiusof42cmforthefullenergyparticles.Thecalorimeterandtheiondumpserveashighheatfluxcomponents,whichwillworkasthermalinertiatargetsinthefirstphaseofoperation.

简介：SupersonicMolecularBeamInjection(SMBI)isanewfuellingmethodforTokamaksandhasrecentlybeenimprovedtoenhancethefluxofthebeamandtomakeasurveyoftheclustereffectwithinthebeam.Thereareaseriesofnewphenmnena,whichimplicatetheinteractionofthebeam(includingclusters)withthetoroidalplasmaofHiL-1MTokamak.TheHαsignalsfromtheedgeshowaregularvariationaroundthetorus.Aroundtheinjectionport,theedgeHαsignalsarepositiverectangularwave,whichisconsistentwiththatoftheinjectionbeampulses.Theedgeelectrontemperature,measuredwithmovableLangmuirprobes,decreasesbyanorderofmagnitudeandthedensityincreasesbyanorderofmagnitude.Hαemissionatthebeaminjectionport,measuredwithCCDcameraatanangleof13.4degreestotheSMBIline,showsmanyseparatepeakswithinthecontourplot.Thesepeaksmayshowthestrongemissionproducedbytheinteractionofthehydrogenclusterswiththeplasma.Hydrogenclustersmaybeproducedinthebeamaccordingtotheempiricalscaling(Hagena)lawofclusteringonset,heredisthenozzlediameterinμm,P0thestaguationpressureinmbar,T0thesourcetenperatureinK,andkisaconstantrelatedtothegasspecies.IfΓ*>100,clusterswillbeformed.InpresentexperimentΓ*isabout127.

简介：Inthepaper,relativisticfilamentationofintenselaserbeamininhomogeneousplasmaisinvestigatedbasedonthenonparaxialregiontheory.Theresultsshowthat,relativisticnonlinearityplaysamainroleinbeamfilamentation,andplasmainhomogeneityfurtherreinforcesthebeamfilamentation.Thecombinationeffectsofrelativisticnonlinearityandplasmainhomogeneitycangenerateparticularlyintenseandshortpulselaser.However,plasmainhomogeneityleadstoobviousfilamentationinstability.

简介：PredictionsontheripplelossofneutralbeamfastionsonEASTareinvestigatedwithaguidingcentercode,includingbothrippleandcollisionaleffects.A6%to16%lossofneutralbeamionsispredictedfortypicalEASTexperiments,andasynergisticenhancementoffastionlossisfoundfortoroidalfield(TF)rippleswithcollisions.Thelostionsarestronglylocalizedandwillcauseamaximumheatloadof～0.05MW/m2onthefirstwall.

简介：Inthispaper,thefollowingcontentsincludingtheoriginalreceptorEI213andothertwocontrolmaterials,RAPDpolymorphism,photosyntheticefficiency,andthenumberofvascularbundlesofthefirstinternodesbelowthepedunclehavebeenstudiedfortheeightF7transgeniclinesobtainedfromionbeamimplantation.Theresultsshowedthattherewasasignificantvariationingenomesofmaize-riceline,comparedwiththereceptorEI213,afterthetotalexogenousmaizeDNAwasintroducedintoEI213.Thenumberofthevascularbundlesofmaize-riceprogeny'slineswasobviouslymuchlargerthanthoseoftheoriginalreceptorEI213andothertwocontrolsGER-3andMH63,andalongwiththephotosyntheticefficiencyofmaize-riceprogeny'slinesbeinggoneup.Moreover,theparenchymacellsaroundthevascularbundlesofthetransgeniclinesbecamemuchlargerinnumberandinsizethanthosearoundthecontrols.Alltheseindicatedthatthemaize-riceprogeny'slinesarereallydifferentfromandsuperiortothereceptorandthecontrols.ItisanovelandusefulwaytoapplyionbeamimplantationintransferringDNAfromC4plantmaizeintoC3plantrice.

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简介：Wehavedevelopedalargenumberofexocrineglandsonliquoriceleavesandfacilitatedpolysaccharidesecretion.Liquoricepolysaccharidepossessesstrongerboundwateraffinitytogaseouswatercomparedwithsucroseandglucose.Ourresultsshowthattheboundwateraffinityofliquoricepolysaccharidetogaseouswateris49.75%higherthanglucose(p<0.01).WithN~+implantation(totaldosageof4.68×10~(16)ions/cm~2andenergyof20keV)intodryliquoriceseeds,boththeboundwateraffinitytogaseouswaterandtheboundwatercontentofdryliquoriceleafcanbesignificantlyincreased30.24%(p<0.01)and36.51%(p<0.01)respectivelycomparedwiththesham-irradiatedseeds.Meanwhile,withtheseparameterschosenforN~+implantationintodryliquoriceseeds,theleafpolysaccharidecontentunderwaterstress(ψ_w=-1.5MPa)canincreasesignificantly(p<0.05)andtheplantgrowthcanalsoimprovesignificantly(p<0.05).

简介：Amulti-objectivehybridgeneticbasedoptimizationalgorithmisproposedaccordingtothemulti-objectivePropertyofinverseplanning.Itisbasedonhybridadaptivegeneticalgorithmwhichcombinesthesimulatedannealing,usesadaptivecrossoverandmutation,andadoptsnichedtournamentselection.Theresultoftheteatcalculatationdemonstratesthatanexcellentconvergingspeedcanbeachievedusingthisapproach.

简介：Synchrontronradiationx-rayreflectivitymeasurementisusedtostudytheconcentrationprofileofaδ-dopedErlayerinSiepitaxialfilmgrownbymolecular-beamepitaxy.Theoscillationofthereflectivityamplitudeasafunctionofreflectionangleisobservedintheexperiment.Bydoingatheoreticalsimulation.theconcentrationprofileofEratomscouldbederied.Itisshownthattheoriginallygrownδ-dopedErlayerchangesintoanexpionentiallydecayedfunctionduetotheErsegregation.Thetemperaturedependenceofthe1/edecaylengthindicatesthatthesegregationisakineticallylimitedprocess.Theactivationenergyisdeterminedtobe0.044±0.005eV.

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简介：Inthiswork,resultsonthestudyofthestructureandphotoluminescence(PL)propertiesofSiOxNythinfilmsarepresented.Thefilmsweredepositedatroomtemperatureusingadual-ion-beamco-sputteringsystem.TheXRDandTEMresultsshowthatthedepositedfilmshaveanamorphousstructure.IntheXPSresult,wefindN1sspectraconsistofonesymmetricsinglepeakat397.8eV,indicatingthatthenitrogenatomsaremainlybondedtosilicon.ItisinagreementtotheresultofFTIR.InSiOxNyfilms,anintensesinglePLpeakat590nmisobserved.Furthermore,withtheincreaseoftheNcontentintheSiOxNyfilms,theintensityofthePLpeakat590nmincreasesalot.ThePLpeakof590nmissuggestedtooriginatefromN-relateddefects.

简介：Atwo-dimensionalhybridcodeisdevelopedtomodelthetransportofahigh-currentelectronbeaminadenseplasmatarget.Thebeamelectronsaretreatedasparticlesanddescribedbyparticle-in-cellsimulationincludingcollisionswiththetargetplasmaparticles.Thebackgroundtargetplasmaisassumedtobeastationaryfluidwithtemperaturevariations.Thereturncurrentandtheself-generatedelectricandmagneticfieldsareobtainedbycombiningAmpere’slawwithoutthedisplacementcurrent,theresistiveOhm’slawandFaraday’slaw.Theequationsaresolvedintwo-dimensionalcylindricalgeometrywithrotationalsymmetryonaregulargrid,withcenteredspatialdifferencingandfirst-orderimplicittimedifferencing.Thealgorithmsimplementedinthecodearedescribed,andanumericalexperimentisperformedforanelectronbeamwithMaxwelliandistributionejectedintoauniformdeuterium-tritiumplasmatarget.

简介：AlONnanolayersaresynthesizedonAlsubstratebytheirradiationofenergeticnitrogenionsusingplasmafocusing.Samplesareexposedtomultiple(5,10,15,20and25)focusshots.Ionenergyandionnumberdensityrangefrom80keVto1.4MeVand5.6×1019m-3to1.3×1019m-3,respectively.Moreover,theefectofcontinuousannealing(473Kand523K)onanAlNsurfacelayersynthesizedwith25focusshotsisalsoexamined.ThemainfeaturesoftheX-raydifraction(XRD)patternswithincreasingfocusshotsare:(i)variationinthecrystallinityofAlNalong(111),(200)and(311)planes,(ii)increasingaveragecrystallitesizeofAlN(111)plane,and(iii)stressrelaxationobservedinAlN(111)and(200)planes.ThecrystallinityofAlNsurfacelayeriscomparativelybetterat473Kannealingtemperature.Abroadeneddifractionpeakrelatedtoanaluminiumoxidephaseshowingweakcrystallinityisobservedfor15focusshotswhilenon-boundedoxidesarepresentinallotherdepositedlayers.RamanandFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR)analysisconfirmthepresenceofAlNandAl2O3forthesurfacelayerannealedat473Ktemperature.RamananalysisshowsthattheoverlappingofAlNandAl2O3resultsinthedevelopmentofresidualstresses.Scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)resultsdemonstratethattheformationofroundedgrains(rangefrom20nmto200nm)andvariationsintheirmicrostructuresfeaturesdependontheincreasingnumberoffocusshots.Decompositionoflargerclustersintosmalleronesisobserved.

简介：Vacuumtreatmentandion-beambombardmentaretwomajorprocessesinthelowenergyion-beamimplantation.Toaccuratelystudythecontributionsofthesetwomajorfactorstothebioeffectsseparately,theM_1generationvariationofArabidopsisthalianawithion-beamimplantationandvacuumtreatmentwerecomparedthroughaseriesofkeyplantdevelopmentparametersincludingmorphologicalobservation,biochemicalassayandRAPD(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)analysis.Theresultsshowedthation-beamimplantationhadobviouseffectonalmostalloftheseparameters,andthevacuumtreatmenthadsomeimpactsonseveralmorphologicalparameterssuchastheboltingtimeandthelengthoftheprimarystem.Takingtheresultstogether,theindicationisthatvacuumtreatmenthassomeslightcontributionstothebioeffectsofion-beamimplantationwhileion-beambombardmentitselfisthemajorcreatorofthebioeffects.

简介：ToobtainthermotolerantmutantsofG.oxydans,whichcanenhancethetransformationrateofL-sorboseto2-Keto-L-gulonate(2-KLG)at33℃inatwo-stepprocessofvitaminCmanufacture,ionbeamwasusedasamutationsource.GluconobacteroxydansGOandBacillusmegateriumB0wereusedinthisstudy.TheoriginalstrainGluconobacteroxydansGOwasmutatedbytheheavyionimplantationfacilityattheInstituteofPlasmaPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences.SeveralmutantsincludingGluconobacteroxydansGI13wereisolatedandcoculturedwithBacillusmegateriumB0at33℃inshakingflasks.TheaveragetransformationrateofthenewmixedstrainGI13-B0inpergram-moleculereached94.4%aftersevenpassagesinshakingflasks,whichwasincreasedby7%whencomparedwiththeoriginalmixedstrainG0-B0(GluconobacteroxydansG0andBacillusmegateriumB0).Moreover,thetransformationrateofI13B0wasstableat94%attemperaturesrangingfrom25℃to33℃,whichwouldbeofmuchvalueinreducingenergyconsumptioninthemanufactureofL-ascorbicacid,especiallyintheseasonofsummer.Toclarifysomemechanismofthemutation,thespecificactivitiesofL-sorbosedehydrogenaseinbothG0andGI13wereestimated.

简介：MutantstrainsofGOl12andBM302withahigh2-keto-L-gulonicacid(2KLG)transformationrateinducedbyionbeamimplantationwereseparatelyandcombinatoriallycom-paredwiththeoriginalstrainsGO29andBM80tostudythemutageniceffectsofionbeamimplan-tation.BoththesoleGO112andmixedBM302:GO112demonstratedimprovedSNDHactivityand2KLGyieldcomparedtotheoriginalstrains.ThemutantcombinationsofBM302:GO112showedalongerstationaryphaseandhigherbiomassthanBM80:GO29.ThemutantBM302exhibitedastrongercapacitytomaintainastablepHenvironmentatmixedfermentationwithGluconobacteroxydans(G.oxydans)for2KLGtransformationandfacilitatedthegrowthofG.oxydanscomparedwiththeoriginalstrainBM80.ThepromotivecapacitytoL-sorbosonedehy-drogenase(L-SNDH)fromthesupernateofBM302was1.6-foldhigherthanthatofBM80.GenesencodedSNDHinGO29andGOl12wereamplifiedandsequenced,andmutationsincludingthreetransitions(CG→TA,CG→TA,GC→AT)andonetransversion(AT→TA)wereconfirmedfromGO29toGO112.ThecorrespondingaminoacidwaschangedasLeu→Phe,Arg→GlnandAsn→Lys.