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简介：Byelaboratingthefunctionsandeffectsofforestryinmitigatingclimatechange,introducingtheconceptsandsignificanceofforestcarbonsink,forestrycarbonsequestration,andcarbonsequestrationforestry,andsummarizingthepracticesofcarbonsequestrationforestryinChina,thepapercameupwiththeoutlineforstrengtheningthemanagementofcarbonsequestrationforestry,i.e.implementingtheClimateChangeForestryActionPlan,reinforcingtheaccountingandmonitoringofnationalforestcar...

简介：XPS(X光检查光电子光谱学)分光计EscA-750被用来分析激活的碳，磁性的试剂和磁性的激活的碳的表面特性。他们的C原子价的分发和变化是坚定的。结论是磁性的试剂能化学上在激活的碳的表面上被吸附。在微观结构的磁性的试剂的吸附的机制的解释被讨论。

简介：ChinahasbeenmakingeffortstoimproveclimatechangeswhichhavedrawninternationalattentionssinceChinaformallysignedUNClimateChangeFrameworkin1992andratifiedKyotoProtocolinAugust2002.TheareaofChina’sforestplantationranksthefirstatpresentsoglobalcloseattentionispaidtoforestcarbonmarketinChina.Thisarticleintroducesthat5110milliontofcarbondioxideequivalenthavebeensequestratedbyChina’sforestduring1980to2005,Chinawillhave4.2billiontofcar...

简介：Forestshavemultiplebenefitsandfunctions,includingmitigationofclimatechange.Theimpactsofforestsontheglobalcarboncycleincludeforestsascarbonsinks,wood-basedproductsascarbonsinks,bio-energy,andproductionanduseofnon-timberproducts.Inthepastdecades,forestcoverofChinahasincreasedfrom8.6%to18.21%bylarge-scaleafforestationandconversionofcroplandintoforests.Forestbiomasscarbon(C)stockincreasedfrom4.3PgC(1PgC=1015gC)intheearly1980sto5...

简介：Withtheanalysisonthecharacteristicsofglobalforestcarbonmarketin2010andbasedonthecurrentstatusofChina’sforestcarbonmarket,thepaperpresentedthepathselectionforforestcarbonmarketcultivationinChina,i.e.strengtheningthepromotionandcooperationofinternationalforestcarbonsequestrationprojectstoforwardglobalforestcarbonmarketdevelopment,developingprimarymarkettransactionstosteadilypromotefinancialmarketdevelopment,promotingtheformationofdomesticforestcarbonmarket,andputtingvoluntaryemissionreductionasthepriorityofcurrentmarketdevelopment.

简介：Manystudiesindicatedthattheproductsofbiosphereburninghaveshortandlong-termeffectsontheatmosphere.Vegetationburningcanproducesomegaseswhichhavesignificantinfluenceonenvironment,includingsomegreenhousegasesasCO2andCH4,etc.Smokeaerosolsproducedfromburningalsoinfluenceglobalclimateandatmosphericchemistry.Thepapercalculatestheconsumedbiomassduetoforestfiresaccordingtothestatisticsofforestfiresfrom1991to2000andresearchresultsofbiomassofChineseforests.Duringthestudyperiod,forestfiresburnedaverage5Tg-7Tgbiomasseachyearanddirectlyemitted20.24Tg-28.56Tgcarbon.In1991-2000,averageemissionofcarbondioxideandCH4accountfor2.7%-3.9%and3.3%-4.7%ofthetotalemissionofChina(calculatingwiththedataof2000),respectively.

简介：Addressingclimatechangehasbecomeacommonissuearoundtheworldinthe21stcenturyandequallyanimportantmissioninChineseforestry.UnderstandingthedevelopmentofmonitoringandassessmentofforestbiomassandcarbonstorageinChinaisimportantforpromotingtheevaluationofforestcarbonsequestrationcapacityofChina.Theauthorconductsasystematicanalysisofdomesticpublicationsaddressing'monitoringandassessmentofforestbiomassandcarbonstorage'inordertounderstandthedevelopmenttrends,describesthebriefhistorythroughthreestages,andgivesthesituationofnewdevelopment.Towardstheendofthe20thcentury,alargenumberofpapersonbiomassandproductivityofthemajorforesttypesinChinahadbeenpublished,coveringtheexplorationandeffortsofmorethan20years,whileinvestigationsintoassessmentofforestcarbonstoragehadbarelybegun.Basedonthedataofthe7thand8thNationalForestInventories,forestbiomassandcarbonstorageoftheentirecountrywereassessedusingindividualtreebiomassmodelsandcarbonconversionfactorsofmajortreespecies,bothpreviouslypublishedandnewlydeveloped.Accompanyingtheimplementationofthe8thNationalForestInventory,aprogramofindividualtreebiomassmodelingformajortreespeciesinChinawascarriedoutsimultaneously.Bymeansofthematicresearchonclassificationofmodelingpopulations,aswellasproceduresforcollectingsamplesandmethodologyforbiomassmodeling,twotechnicalregulationsonsamplecollectionandmodelconstructionwerepublishedasministerialstandardsforapplication.Requestsforapprovalofindividualtreebiomassmodelsandcarbonaccountingparametersofmajortreespecieshavebeenissuedforapprovalasministerialstandards.Withtheimprovementofbiomassmodelsandcarbonaccountingparameters,thematicassessmentofforestbiomassandcarbonstoragewillbegraduallychangedintoageneralmonitoringofforestbiomassandcarbonstorage,inordertorealizetheirdynamicmoni

简介：Nitrogendepositionimposesimportantimpactonthefunctionandthestabilityofforestcarbonsequestration.Thispaperreviewedtheresearchadvancesintheincreasingresponseofforestcarbonsequestrationtonitiogendeposition,describedtheapplicationprospectsofstablecarbonisotopetechniqueintheresearchfield.Andfinallythispaperpointedoutthat,ontheconditionthatnitrogendepositionrises,ontheallocationofforestphotosyntheticproductsandthechangeinsoilcarbonturnoverratearethetwohotspotsinthefuturecarboncyclingresearch.

简介：Background:Capturingtheresponseofforestecosystemstointer-annualclimatevariabilityisagreatchallenge.Inthisstudy,wetestedthecapabilityofanindividual-basedforestgapmodeltodisplaycarbonfluxesatyearlyanddailytimescales.Theforestmodelwasappliedtoaspruceforesttosimulatethegrossprimaryproduction(GPP),respirationandnetecosystemexchange(NEE).Weanalyzedhowthevariabilityinclimateaffectedsimulatedcarbonfluxesatthescaleoftheforestmodel.Results:Sixyearsweresimulatedatadailytimescaleandcomparedtotheobservededdycovariance(EC)data.Ingeneral,theseasonalcycleoftheindividualcarbonfluxeswascorrectlydescribedbytheforestmodel.However,theestimatedGPPdifferedfromtheobserveddataonthedaysofextremeclimaticconditions.Twonewparameterizationsweredeveloped:oneresultingfromanumericalcalibration,andtheotherresultingfromafilteringmethod.Wesuggestnewparametervaluesandevenanewfunctionforthetemperaturelimitationofphotosynthesis.Conclusions:Theforestmodelreproducedtheobservedcarbonfluxesofaforestecosystemquitewel.Ofthethreeparameterizations,thecalibratedmodelversionperformedbest.However,thefilteringapproachshowedthatcalibratedparametervaluesdonotnecessarilycorrectlydisplaytheindividualfunctionalrelations.TheconceptofsimulatingforestdynamicsattheindividualbaseisavaluabletoolforsimulatingtheNEE,GPPandrespirationofforestecosystems.

简介：Thepaperreviewedthereferencesofcarbonsequenceandoxygenreleaseofforestresources.Thedynasticphysicalaccountingmodelisestablished,andbenefittransfermodelisadoptedtocalculatewillingtopayforcarbonsequenceandoxygen.BengheForestryFarmofLinyiPrefectureofShandongProvinceisselectedasthecasestudyarea,theaccountingresultispresentedinthepaper.

简介：Theroleandpositionofforestryinresponsetotheissueofclimatechangehavebeenincreasinglyconcernedbymoreandmorecountriesandtheinternationalcommunity.Thecostincurredinforestcarbonsequestrationislowerthanotheroptionstomitigateclimatechange.However,thefund’sgapbecomesthemainbarriertoreducingcarbonemissionscausedbydeforestationandforestdegradation(REDD)andenhancingcarbonstorageinforests(REDD+)andalsobecomestheconcernsofgovernments,academiccommunityandenterprises.Basedonthecomparativeanalysisofoverseasforestcarbonfinancingmodels,thepaperpinpointedtheirdevelopmenttrendandproposedsolutionstofinancingforforestcarbonsinkinChina.

简介：Takingextractionrateasanindicator,theextractiontechnologyofChinese-firheartwoodbysupercriticalcarbondioxidetreatmentwasstudied,andtheextractionrateoftheSFE-CO2methodwascomparedtothatoftraditionalextractionmethod.Theresultsshowthatwhenextractionprocessingconditionwere:extractionpressure30MPa,extractiontemperature40℃,extractiontime120m,andflowvelocity20kg/h,theextractionrateofSFE-CO2was0.99%,0.20%morethanthatofthetraditionalextractionmethod.However,takingthecostintoconsideration,itisproposedthatthetraditionalextractionisusedunlesstherearespecificrequirements.

简介：Thisstudyprovidesbasisinformationforestimatingthefeasibilityoftheenvironmentalandecologicalforestryconstructionprojectinthearea.ThroughthesurveyinMiyunwatershed,theeconomicalbenefitsofcarbonsequestrationinfivetypicalforesttypeshavebeenstudiedbycalculatingthebiomassfromthetimberaccumulationdataandconvertingtothemoneyvalue.Theresultsshowthat:inthedurationof100years,atadiscountrateof5%,and197RMByuan/tasthepriceofthecarbonsequestration,thepresentvalue(PV)ofthecarbonsequestrationindifferentforestsare:6900-9300yuan/hainChinesepineforest,6100-8200yuan/hainoakforest,4500-6100yuan/hainotherbroadleafforests,2300-3200yuan/hainshrubsand1300-1800yuan/haincypressforest.Theannualmeaneconomicbenefitofcarbonsequestrationis770-1040yuan/ha.Thepineforesthasthehighestcarbonsequestrationbenefit,followedbyoakforest,otherbroadleafforest,shrubs,andcypressforest.Ifthelandissuitableforallforests,pineforestandoakforestshouldbeplantedinordertosequestratemorecarbon.

简介：Background:Soilorganiccarbon(SOC)isalargereservoirofterrestrialcarbon(C);itconsistsofdifferentfractionsofvaryingcomplexityandstability.PartitioningSOCintodifferentpoolsofdecomposabilityhelpbetterpredictthetrendofchangesinSOCdynamicsunderclimatechange.InformationonhowphysicalfractionsandchemicalstructuresofSOCarerelatedtoclimateandvegetationtypesisessentialforspatialmodelingofSOCprocessesandresponsestoglobalchangefactors.Method:Soilsampleswerecolectedfrommultiplerepresentativeforestsitesofthreecontrastingclimaticzones(i.e.cooltemperate,warmtemperate,andsubtropical)ineasternChina.MeasurementsweremadeonSOCcontentsandphysicalfractionsofthe0–20cmsoillayer,andthechemicalcompositionofSOCofthe0–5cmsoillayer,alongwithmeasurementsandcompilationofthebasicsiteandforeststandvariables.Thelong-termeffectsoftemperature,litterinputs,soilcharacteristicsandvegetationtypeontheSOCcontentsandfactionswereexaminedbymeansof"spacefortimesubstitution"approachandstatisticalanalysis.Result:Meanannualtemperature(MAT)variedfrom2.1℃atthecooltemperatesitesto20.8℃atthesubtropicalsites.TotalSOCofthe0–20cmsoillayerdecreasedwithincreasingMAT,rangingfrom89.2g·kg^-1incooltemperateforeststo57.7g·kg^-1insubtropicalforests,atanaveragerateof1.87%reductioninSOCwitha1℃increaseinMAT.WithincreasingMAT,theproportionsofaromaticCandphenolicCdisplayedatendencyofdecreases,whereastheproportionofalkylCandA/O-Avalue(theratioofalkylCtothesumofO-alkylCandacetalC)displayedatendencyofincreases.Overall,therewerenosignificantchangeswithMATandforesttypeineitherthephysicalfractionsorthechemicalcomposition.BasedontherelationshipbetweentheSOCcontentandMAT,weestimatethatSOCinthetop20soillayerofforestspotentiallycontribute6.58–26.3PgCgloballytotheat

简介：Background:Forestbiomassishelpfultoassessitsproductivityandcarbon（C）sequestrationcapacity.Severaldisturbanceactivitiesintropicalforestshavereducedthebiomassandnetprimaryproduction（NPP）leadingtoclimatechange.Therefore,anaccurateestimationofforestbiomassandCcyclingincontextofdisturbancesisrequiredforimplementingREDD（ReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation）policy.Methods:BiomassandNPPoftreesandshrubswereestimatedbyusingallometricequationswhileherbaceousbiomasswasestimatedbyharvestmethod.Finerootbiomasswasdeterminedfromsoilmonolith.TheCstockinvegetationwascalculatedbymultiplyingCconcentrationtodryweight.Results:Totalstandbiomass(Mg?ha-1)inundisturbedforeststand（US）was960.4whileindisturbedforeststand（DS）itwas449.1.Thebiomass(Mg?ha-1)oftrees,shrubsandherbsinUSwas948.0,4.4and1.4,respectively,whileinDStheywere438.4,6.1and1.2,respectively.TotalNPP(Mg?ha-1?yr-1)was26.58(equivalentto12.26MgC?ha-1?yr-1)inUSand14.91(6.88MgC?ha-1?yr-1)inDS.TotalCinputintosoilthroughlitterplusrootturnoverwas6.78and3.35Mg?ha-1?yr-1inUSandDS,respectively.Conclusions:Severaldisturbanceactivitiesresultedinthesignificantlossinstandbiomass（53%）,NPP（44%）,andCsequestrationcapacityoftropicalforestineasternNepal.Thenetuptakeofcarbonbythevegetationisfargreaterthanthatreturnedtothesoilbytheturnoveroffinerootandlitter.Therefore,bothstandsofpresentforestactascarbonaccumulatingsystems.Moreover,disturbancereflectshigherCemissionswhichcanbereducedbybettermanagement.

简介：因为他们说明大量陆上的碳存储和生产率，热带森林在减轻气候变化起一个关键作用。然而，有许多无常，与碳动力学的评价联系。我们沿着一个斜坡估计了森林结构和碳动力学(17.3跱<

简介：BambooforestisanimportantlanduseinthetraditionalvillageofPenglipuran,BaliIndonesia.BamboogrowingintheruralareascanbeagoodchoiceforcapturingCO2.Iharvestedselectedculmstodeterminebiomasscontent,and50%ofdryweightbiomasswascalculatedascarboncontent.ThePenglipuranbambooforestsupportedsixbamboospeciesinaonehectaresamplingplot,allofthegenusGigantochloa.Theclumpandculmdensitieswere339and7190ha-1,respectively.Totalabove-plusbelow-groundbiomasswas87.35Mgha-1,andcarbonstoragewas43.67Mgha-1.CarbonstorageestimatedinthebambooforestatPenglipuranoffersinsightintotheopportunityforPES（paymentforecosystemservices）throughemissiontradingmechanisms.

简介：Background:Thelargepotentialofthesoilorganiccarbon(SOC)pooltosequesterCO2fromtheatmospherecouldgreatlyamelioratetheeffectoffutureclimatechange.However,thequantityofcarbonstoredinterrestrialsoilslargelydependsuponthemagnitudeofSOCmineralization.SOCmineralizationconstitutesanimportantpartofthecarboncycle,andisdrivenbymanybiophysicalvariables,suchastemperatureandmoisture.Methods:Soilsamplesofapineforest,anoakforest,andapineandoakmixedforestwereincubatedfor387daysunderconditionswithsixtemperaturesettings(5°C,10°C,15°C,20°C,25°C,30°C)andthreelevelsofsoilmoisturecontent(SMC,30%,60%,90%).TheinstantaneousrateofmineralizedSOCwasperiodicallyandautomaticallymeasuredusingaLi-CorCO2analyzer.BasedonthemeasuredamountofmineralizedSOC,carbonfractionswereestimatedseparatelyviafirst-orderkineticone-andtwo-compartmentmodels.Results:Duringthe387dayincubationexperiment,accumulativemineralizedcarbonrangedfrom22.89mgcarbon(C)·g-1SOCat30°Cand30%SMCforthemixedforestto109.20mgC·g-1SOCat15°Cand90%SMCfortheoakforest.Mineralizedrecalcitrantcarbonvariedfrom18.48mgC·g-1SOCat30°Cand30%SMCforthemixedforestto104.98mgC·g-1SOCat15°Cand90%SMCfortheoakforest,andcontributedatleast80%tototalmineralizedcarbon.Conclusions:Basedontheresultsofthisexperiment,thesoilorganicmatterofthepurebroadleavedforestismorevulnerabletosoilmicrobialdegradationinnorthernChina;mostoftheamountofthemineralizedSOCderivedfromtherecalcitrantcarbonpool.Labilecarbonfractionconstitutesonaverage0.4%ofSOCacrossthethreeforesttypesandwasrapidlydigestedbysoilmicrobesintheearlyincubationstage.SOCmineralizationmarkedlyincreasedwithsoilmoisturecontent,andcorrelatedparabolicallytotemperaturewiththehighestvalueat15°C.Nosignificantinteractionwasdetectedamongthese

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