简介：Aerobicstaticpilecomposting(mechanicalturningevery3days)ofpigmanurewaspreparedat8m3windrowheaps.Sawdustwasusedasthebulkingagenttoprovideadditionalcarbonandtoincreasetheporosityofthesubstrate.TwotreatmentsatinitialC/Nratiosof30and15,respectively,weredesignedinthestudy.Dissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC),solubleNH4+-N,C/Nratiosinsolidandaqueousphases,E4/E6ratios,andseedgerminationindex(GI)weredeterminedtoevaluatethematurityoftheco-composts.Seedgerminationindex,abiologicalparameter,wassuggestedasoneofthemostreliablematurityindicatorsfororganiccompost.TheresultsshowedthatthetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof30reachedmaturityafter49daysofcomposting;however,thetreatmentattheinitialC/Nratioof15shouldrequirecompostingtimeoflongerthan63daystoobtainmaturation.Chemicalmulti-indicatorevaluationwasnecessary,andtheGImeasurementwastherecommendedapproachformaturityevaluationinthestudy.

简介：为了使基于人工模拟降雨装置的水土保持试验更可靠,采用人工降雨试验方法,通过研究QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置的降雨特性,探讨该装置在水土保持科学试验中的适用性。结果表明：1）雨滴达到终速时雨滴-色斑直径的关系为d=0.3839D0.709;2）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置有效降雨均匀度超过80%;3）在试验范围内,雨滴直径随降雨强度增大而增大,雨滴中数直径与降雨强度呈d50=0.5595I0.2805的幂函数关系,相同降雨强度条件下的雨滴直径较天然雨滴偏小20%~70%;4）降雨动能与降雨强度呈E=0.0042I-0.021的线性关系,可通过控制降雨强度实现降雨动能与天然降雨的相似性;5）QYJY-503C人工模拟降雨装置性能稳定、可控性强,可适用于室内土壤侵蚀的研究。

简介：Thechloroformfumigation-incubationmethowasusedtomeasurthesoilmicrobialbiomassC(SMBC)andN(SMBN)in16loessialsoilssampledfromAnsai,YongshouandYanglinginShaanxiProvince.TheSMBContentsinthesoilsrangedfrom75.9to301.0μgCg^-1withanaverageof206.μgCg^-1,accountingfor1.36%-6.24%ofthetotalsoilorganicCwithanaverageof3.07%,andtheSMBNcontentsfrom0.51to68.40μgNg^-1withanaverageof29.4μgNg^-1,accountingfor0.20%-5.65%ofthetotalNinthesoilswithanaverageof3.36%.AcloserelationshipwasfoundbetweenSMBCandSMBN,andtheybothwerepositivelycorrelatedwithtotalorganicC,totalN,NaOHhydrolizableNandmineralizableN.Theseresultsconfirmedthasoilmicrobialbiomasshadacomparativeroleinnutrientcyclesofsoils.

简介：Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.

简介：Theannualseriesofδ13CweremeasuredintreeringsofthreeCryptomeriafortuneidisks(CF-1,CF-2,andCF-3)collectedfromWestTianmuMountain,ZhejiangProvince,China,accordingtocross-datingtreeringages.Therewasnoobviousdecreasingtrendoftheδ13CannualtimeseriesofCF-2before1835.However,from1835to1982thethreetreeringδ13Cannualseriesexhibitedsimilardecreasingtrendsthatweresignificantly(P≤0.001)correlated.Thedistributioncharacteristicsofascatterdiagrambetweenestimatedδ13CseriesofCF-2frommodelingandtheatmosphericCO2concentrationextractedfromtheLawDomeicecorefrom1840to1978wereanalyzedandacurvilinearregressionequationforreconstructingatmosphericCO2concentrationwasestablishedwithR2=0.98.Also,atestofindependentsamplesindicatedthatbetween1685and1839thereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationusingtheδ13CseriesofCF-2hadacloserelationshipwiththeLawDomeandSipleicecores,withastandarddeviationof1.98.ThegeneralincreasingtrendofthereconstructedatmosphericCO2concentrationcloselyreflectedthelong-termvariationofatmosphericCO2concentrationrecordedbothbeforeandaftertheIndustrialRevolution.Between1685and1840theevaluatedatmosphericCO2concentrationwasstable,butafter1840itexhibitedarapidincrease.Givenalongerδ13Cannualtimeseriesoftreerings,itwasfeasibletorebuildarepresentativetimeseriestodescribetheatmosphericCO2concentrationforanearlierperiodandforyearsthatwerenotintheicecorerecord.

简介：根据云南省第3次（1992—1997年）和第5次（2002—2007年）森林资源连续清查数据资料,采用生物量转换因子连续函数法,对云南省森林植被的碳储量、碳密度及其动态变化进行了分析研究。结果显示：近10年来云南省森林总碳储量由1997年的679.10Tg（1Tg=1012g）增长为2007年的884.11Tg,年增长率为2.67%;乔木林的碳密度由1997年的46.80Mg/hm2（1Mg=106g）,增长为2007年的50.58Mg/hm2,高于全国的平均碳密度水平。云南省森林以幼、中龄林为主,占全省森林面积的65%以上,说明云南省森林植被具有巨大的固碳潜力。

简介：2005年7—8月在宁夏六盘山南侧的香水河小流域（半湿润地区）和北侧的叠叠沟小流域（半干旱地区）,应用PV技术测定辽东栎（Quercusliaotungensis）、少脉椴（Tiliapaucicostata）、白桦（Betulaplatyphylla）、红桦（Betulaalbo-sinensis）、糙皮桦（Betulautilis）、华北落叶松（Larixprincipis-rupprechtii）、华山松（Pinusarmandii）、山杨（Populusdavidi-ana）、山桃（Prunusdavidiana）和沙棘（Hippophaerhamnoides）10种木本植物的多个水分参数,并对这10种木本植物的抗旱性进行综合评定。结果表明：在测定期内,用不同的水分参数比较这10种木本植物的抗旱性大小排序存在一定的差异;采用Fuzzy函数方法综合评定植物的抗旱性研究表明,香水河小流域内7种木本植物的抗旱能力由强到弱为：少脉椴、华山松、辽东栎、华北落叶松、白桦、红桦、糙皮桦;叠叠沟小流域内4种木本植物的抗旱能力由强到弱为：华北落叶松、山桃、沙棘、山杨,其与束缚水/自由水的单指标评价结果相近,说明树种的自身贮水调节能力对抗旱性评价具有重要作用。2种不同水分条件地域内华北落叶松的抗旱能力明显不同,叠叠沟小流域华北落叶松的抗旱能力比香水河小流域强,说明同一树种在干旱条件下通过长期适应会提高抗旱能力。