简介：Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.

简介：Aratmodelofchronictympanicmembraneperforationwasdevelopedtobeusedinthesearchofnewmaterialsforthesealingoftheseperforations.AlongitudinalstudywascarriedoutinratssubjectedtoincisionalmyringotomyfollowedbytheapplicationofmitomycinCaloneorwithdexamethasone.Ratswerecheckedatdays3,7,10,14andweeklythereafteruntilperforationclosure,forupto6months.Theadditionofdexamethasoneisakeycomponentinordertoobtainachronicopening.Myringotomiestreatedwithsalinehadameanhealingtimeof8.5days.At8weeks,between62.5%and77.7%oftympanicmembranestreatedwithmitomycinCanddexamethasoneremainedperforatedandat6monthsthisnumberfellto21.4%.Thistechniqueisabletomaintainmosttympanicmembraneperforationspatentforatleast8weeks.Thisratmodelisadequateforitsuseinpreclinicalortranslationalresearch.

简介：Objective:EvaluatingtheauditoryfunctioninpatientswithchronichepatitisCtreatedwithsofosbuvirandribavirin.Methods:Thisstudyinvolved80patientswithchronichepatitisCwhoagreedtoreceivesofosbuvirandribavirin.Allparticipantsweresubjectedtobaselineotologicalandaudiologicalassessmentjustbeforetreatment.Theaudiologicalassessmentincludedstandardpuretoneaudiometry,extendedhighfrequencyaudiometry,immitancemetryandotoacousticemissions(OAEs)(transientanddistortionproduct).Accordingtobaselinehearingthresholdmeasurements,thestudypopulationwasdividedinto2groups.Group1included42patientswithnormalhearingsensitivity(250e8000Hz),andGroup2included38patientswithsensorineuralhearingloss.After24weeksoftherapy,otologicalandaudiologicalassessmentswererepeatedandcomparedbetweenthetwogroupsandbeforeandaftertherapy.Results:Post-treatmenthearingthresholdevaluationshowednosignificantdifferencefrompretreatmentevaluationatalltestedfrequencies.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenpreandpost-treatmentotoacousticemissionsresults.Conclusion:TherapywithsofosbuvirandribavirininchronichepatitisChasnonoticeableeffectsoncochlearfunctions.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheearlychangeofcochlearribbonsynapsesoninnerhaircellsinresponsetoaminoglycosideototoxicity.MethodsC57BL/6Jmicereceivedintraperitonealinjectionofgentamicin(100mg/kg/day),andtheapicalcoilorganofCortiwasexaminedonthe4th,7thand10thday(n=10).Litter-mateswithoutgentamicintreatmentservedascontrols(n=10).RIBEYEonthepresynapticmembraneandAMPAreceptorsonthepostsynapticmembranewerelabeledwithCtBP2orGluR2/3respectively.Threedi-mensionreconstructionwasconductedusingthe3DSMAX8.0software.ResultsTherewerenodisruptionsofouterorinnerhaircellsinallgroups.However,thenumberofribbonsynapsesoncochlearinnerhaircellsincreasedsignificantlywithin7daysaftergentamicinexposure(P<0.01),followedbyasignificantde-creaseafter7days.ConclusionDuringtheearlystageofaminoglycosideototoxicity,increasedpopulationofcochlearribbonsynapsesmayindicateasignificantdown-regulationofsynapticfunction.

简介：ObjectiveTostudycharacteristicsofhearinglossafterexposuretomoderatenoiseexposureinC57BL/6Jmice.MethodsMaleC57BL/6Jmicewithnormalhearingatageof5-6weekswerechosenforthisstudy.Themicewererandomlyselectedtobestudiedimmediatelyafterexposure(GroupP0),or1day(GroupP1),3days(GroupP3),7days(GroupP7)or14days(P14)afterexposure.Theirbeforeexposureconditionservedasthenormalcontrol.Allmicewereexposedtoabroad-bandwhitenoiseat100dBSPLfor2hours,ABRthresholdswereusedtoestimatehearingstatusateachtimepoint.ResultsABRthresholdelevationwasseenateverytestedfrequencyatP0(P<0.01).Elevationathigh-frequencies(16kHzand32kHz)wasgreaterthanatlowerfrequencies(4kHzand8kHz,P<0.05).FromP1toP14,ABRthresholdscontinuouslyimproved,andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenP14andbeforeexposure(P>0.05).ConclusionThereisafrequencyspecificresponseto100dBSPLbroad-bandwhitenoiseinC57BL/6Jmice,withthehigh-frequencybeingmoresusceptible.HearinglossinducedbymoderatenoiseexposureappearsreversibleinC57BL/6Jmice.

简介：目的观察Nucleus24CA型人工耳蜗植入后电极阻抗、行为反应阈值（T-level,T级）及最大舒适级（C-level,C级）的变化规律,分析其内在联系,探讨其对术后调机的指导意义。方法对81例植入Nucleus24CA型人工耳蜗患儿,分别在术中、术后1、2、6个月进行电极阻抗阈值测试,收集术后对应T、C值,并对其变化规律及相关性进行统计学分析。结果电极阻抗值术中检测最低,术后1月开机最高,此后逐渐减低（P〈0.01）;自蜗顶至蜗底各通道间电极阻抗值无显著差异（P〉0.05）。各电极通道T值、C值随术后时间延长逐渐增高（P〈0.05）,并与电极阻抗值呈线性相关。结论测定电极阻抗值是评估人工耳蜗刺激电极状态的有效手段;术后2月应同时调试T值及C值,此后则应对C值进行重点调试。

简介：目的用细胞学方法,分析线粒体DNA12SrRNA基因中C1494T突变在氨基糖甙类抗生素聋发病机理中的作用.方法从携有线粒体DNAC1494T突变的母系遗传性氨基糖甙类抗生素性耳聋的中国大家系选择部分成员,另外从遗传背景相同的正常中国人群选择对照个体,分别建立淋巴细胞系;并通过细胞融合技术,将淋巴细胞系的线粒体分别融合到缺乏线粒体DNA的p0206细胞中,建立相应的转线粒体细胞系;家系成员与对照个体的淋巴细胞系和转线粒体细胞系,分别在不含/含有氨基糖甙类抗生素(巴龙霉素)的培养液中培养,以倍增时间(doublingtime,DT)作为细胞生长特性的评价标准,通过计算在正常和含有氨基糖甙类抗生素的培养液中倍增时间的比值,比较氨基糖甙类抗生素对细胞生长的影响.结果携有线粒体DNAC1494T突变家系成员较对照个体的淋巴细胞系的倍增时间比值平均增加了24%,但不同家系成员的细胞倍增时间比值的增加程度不同,自10%至50%不等;而当细胞核遗传背景相同后,家系成员较对照个体的转线粒体细胞系的倍增时间比值增长30%,并且来自不同表型的家系成员的细胞倍增时间比值基本相同.结论线粒体DNAC1494T突变可以造成细胞对氨基糖甙类抗生素的超敏性,但其效应要受到核基因的调控.

简介：目的探讨老年性耳蜗毛细胞损害与中药复方健耳剂两种喂药方法干预的作用。方法选择1月龄C57BL/6J小鼠22只用于本实验,其中4只小鼠每日饮用自来水直到出生后3个月作为幼龄对照组;6只小鼠每日饮用自来水直到出生后7个月作为老年性聋对照组;6只小鼠每日自动饮用中药复方健耳剂直到出生后7个月;另6只小鼠每日自动饮用同样中药至4个月后改用每日人工灌服直到出生后7个月。各组动物实验到期终止后,取耳蜗进行全耳蜗基底膜铺片,将全耳蜗内、外毛细胞计数结果输入计算机并应用耳蜗图软件进行耳蜗毛细胞密度对比分析,其中选择基底膜上重要的病变区间的毛细胞密度进行统计学分析。结果3月龄对照组小鼠耳蜗外、内毛细胞缺损仅仅出现在耳蜗底回钩端区域;7月龄对照组外、内毛细胞缺损从底回基底膜起始端扩展到距离耳蜗顶端约40%区域;7月龄中药灌服组和自动饮用组动物的内、外毛细胞缺损范围和程度相似,均显著比7月龄对照组为轻（P〈0.001）。结论中药复方健耳剂能够有效延缓C57BL/6J小鼠老年性耳蜗毛细胞损害的发生和发展,两种喂药方式所起作用相同（P〉0.05）,其药理机制可能与其改善微循环,清除活性氧,保护线粒体等作用相关。

简介：目的探讨不同周龄C57BL/6小鼠内耳形态学及其ABR阈值变化。方法取C57BL/6小鼠3周、4周、12周、26周各10只,听性脑干反应(ABR)测试双侧2、4、8、16、20kHzABR阈值。采用基底膜铺片MyosinⅥ、Neurofilament免疫组化染色,观察耳蜗毛细胞和神经丝的变化。扫描电镜观察耳蜗毛细胞及其静纤毛随年龄的变化。结果随着年龄增长,C57BL/6小鼠各频率ABR阈值明显提高,顶转和底转内毛细胞缺失逐渐增多,神经丝染色渐淡,毛细胞静纤毛逐渐发生数量减少、增粗融合、倒伏等变化。到26周龄时已达到重度聋,各频率较3周组有显著统计学差异。顶转和底转内毛细胞有连续缺失,外毛细胞完全缺失,内毛细胞只有残存的少量静纤毛,粗细不均,倒伏明显。结论本研究对国产C57BL/6小鼠的内耳形态进行观察,明确了其ABR阈值和内耳毛细胞的变化规律,为用国产C57BL/6小鼠进行老年性聋研究提供了依据。

简介：目的探讨幼年和10月龄C57BL／6J小鼠听力及初级听皮质（AI）中凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP的年龄相关变化。方法检测两组C57BL/6J小鼠听性脑干反应（ABR）；免疫组织化学法染色检测两组C57BL/6J初级听皮质神经元凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP的表达情况。结果与幼年C57BL／6J小鼠相比，10月龄C57BL/6J的ABR反应阈值更高，凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP的表达显著减少。结论随年龄增长C57BL/6J小鼠的听力减退，同时C57BL／6J小鼠大脑初级听皮质凋亡抑制蛋白表达减少，XIAP的表达水平可能与C57BL/6J小鼠听力减退有关。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigateimmune-relatedgeneticbackgroundinbilateralsuddensensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL).Casereportandmethods:Thecaseisa45-year-oldmanpresentingwitha7-yearhistoryofbilateralprofoundSSNHL.Bloodbiochemicaltestingdemonstratedincreasedlevelsoftotalcholesterol(5.88mmol/L).TestsforhepatitisBshowedapositiveantibodyagainstthehepatitisBcoreantigen.ComplementC3wasbelowthenormalvalue,andcomplementC4andIgGwereinthelowerrangeofnormalvalues.CTimagesshowedanormalinnerearandvestibularaqueductbutroundwindowmembranousossificationonbothsides.Atotalnumberof232immuneassociatedgenesweresequencedusingthenextgenerationsequencingtechnique.Results:Mutationsweredetectedin5genes,includingthephosphoinositide3-kinasecatalyticsubunitdelta(PIK3CD),caspaserecruitmentdomain-containingprotein9(CARD9),complementfactorH-related(CFHR2),immunoglobulinlambda-likepolypeptide1Protein(IGLL1),andtransmembranechannel-likegenefamily8(TMC8).InthePIK3CDgene,aC896Tsubstituteinexon7wasdetected.Thismutationcausesprimaryimmunodeficiencyandisanautosomaldominantdisease.Conclusion:ThePIK3CDC896TmutationresponsibleforprimaryimmunodeficiencymaycontributetotheonsetofbilateralSSNHLwithsubsequentrapidprogression.

简介：《喉科手术学》2000年出版，2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展，喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式，人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论，特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容，增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理：增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术：补充了喉气管狭窄，喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法；充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术，颈淋巴结清扫术内容，

简介：TheGJB2gene(connexin26)hasbeenshowntoberesponsibleforDFNB1andDFNA3.WescreenedtheGJB2genein488patientswithprelingualdeafness(Group1),124withpostlingualdeafness(Group2),and117normalhearingsubjects(Group3).Wefoundthat,inGroup1,65patients(13.32%)werehomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesand51patients(10.45%)carriedasinglepathogenicmutation.The235delCmutationwasthemostfrequentmutation,accountingfor73.22%oftheknownpathogenicallelesinGroup1.NohomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesweredetectedinGroup2orGroup3.Somepostlingualdeafpatients(2.42%)andnormalhearingsubjects(4.27%)were235delCcarriers.Ourpreliminarydataindicatethat235delC,themostfrequentmutationidentifiedinthisstudy,isamajorcauseforprelingualdeafness.

简介：目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因（pEGFP）的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot（蛋白质印迹）方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa～95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白（～76kDa）相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml（PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位）。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。

简介：遗传性耳聋包括非综合征型耳聋non—syndromichearingimpairment，NSHI）和综合征型耳聋（syndromichearingimpairment，SHI），其中NSHI占70％，，遗传缺陷是以感音神经性聋为主，基本无其他异常；SHI占30％，临床表现除听力障碍以外还伴有其他症状和体征。迄今为止，发现400多个遗传性综合征与耳聋有关，140多个基因位点与NSHI有关，确定60多个耳聋基因。

简介：WehavedeliveredviralvectorscontainingeitherChop2fusedwithGFP,Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2),orHalorhodopsin(HaloR)fusedwithmCherry(toformlightgatedcationchannelsorchloridepumps,respectively),intothedorsalcochlearnucleus(DCN).OnetoeighteenmonthslaterweexaminedtheCNandinferiorcolliculus(IC)forevidenceofvirallytransfectedcellsandprocesses.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasobservedthroughouttheDCN.Rhodopsinlocalizationwithinneuronswasdetermined,withelongate,fusiformandgiantcellsidentifiedbasedonmorphologyandlocationwithintheDCN.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasfoundatboththeinjectionsiteaswellasinregionsprojectingtoandfromtheDCN.LightdrivenneuronalactivityintheDCNwasdependentuponthewavelengthandintensityofthelight,withonlytheappropriatewavelengthresultinginactivationandhigherintensitylightresultinginmoreneuronalactivity.Transfectingcellsviaviraldeliveryofrhodopsinscanbeusefulasatracttracerandasaneuronalmarkertodelineatepathways.Inthefuturerhodopsindeliveryandactivationmaybedevelopedasanalternativetoelectricalstimulationofneurons.

简介：1耳科常用激光激光是继原子能、计算机以及半导体之后,人类的又一重大发明。因其前所未有的高能量、高精确性等特点,激光自发明伊始即被广泛应用于包括临床医学在内的各个领域。在耳科学领域,空间狭小、组织功能脆弱等特征使得耳科手术始终充满了挑战。近年来,随着显微设备、激光设备及手术技术的不断进步,激光技术在耳科学的应用日趋普及并取得了巨大的成功。

简介：MutationsinGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,thespectrumandprevalenceofmutationsinthisgenevaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.InChina,30,000infantsarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentannually.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamilies,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin103unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingNantongSchoolfortheDeafandMuteinJiangsuProvince,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.SixtytwoGJB2mutantalleleswereidentifiedin35.9%(37/103)ofthepatients.Twentyfivepatientscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand12patientscarriedonemutantallele.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor69.4%(43/62)ofGJB2mutantalleles.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountedfor30.1%(62/206)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe3mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutationsinthiscohortdetected100%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethataneffectivegenetictestingofGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossible.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateGJB2mutationprevalencesintheUigurandHanethnicgroupsinXinjiang,China,anddeterminetherelationshipbetweenethnicityandGJB2genemutations.MethodsInformationregardingethnicityofpatients'familieswasobtainedthroughmedicalrecordsreviewand/orpatientinterview.Bloodsampleswerecollectedfrom61Uigursand66Hansfordirectsequencingofthecodingregionandintron/exonboundariesoftheGBJ2gene.ResultsCarrierfrequencyofGJB2mutationswassimilarbetweentheUigurandHansubjects.TheGJB235delGmutationwasseenonlyinUigurpatientswithhearingloss,whereasthe235delCmutationwasidentifiedinbothUigurandHanpatients.TheallelicFrequencyof35delGmutationwas7.4%(9/122)inUigurdeafstudents,butnoneinHandeafstudents(0/128)andUigurcontrols(0/196).TheallelicfrequencyofGJB2235delCmutationinUigurandHandeafstudentswas5.7%and9.8%,andthatof299-300delATmutationwas0.8%and5.5%,respectively.V27IandE114Gwerethemostfrequenttypesofpolymorphism.ConclusionWefoundanAsian-specificGJB2diversityamongUigurs,andcomparableGJB2contributiontodeafnessinUigurandHanpatients.Thehighcarrierfrequencyof35delGinUigurs(11.5%)isprobablydefinedbygenedrift/foundereffectinaparticulargroup.EventhoughGJB2mutationshavebeenwidelyreportedintheliterature,thisdiscussionrepresentsthefirstreportofGJB2mutationsinChinesemulti-ethnicpopulations.

简介：1喉癌喉咽癌CO2激光手术简史激光是20世纪60年代以来发展异常迅速的新科学技术,可以对生物组织产生强的热作用,从而实现对生物组织的切割、汽化和凝固。将激光技术应用于喉显微外科手术,