简介：Objective:Toinvestigatethesignificanceofextra-nodalspreadinspecialhistologicalsub-typesofbreastcancerandtherelationshipofsuchspreadwithprognosticparameters.Methods:Atotalof303breastcancercaseswereclassifiedaccordingtotumortype,andeachtumorgroupwassubdividedaccordingtoage,tumordiameter,lymphnodemetastasis,extra-nodalspread,veininvasionintheadjacentsofttissue,distantmetastasis,andimmunohistochemicalcharacteristics[estrogenreceptor(ER),progesteronereceptor(PR)existence,p53,c-erbB-2,andproliferativerate(Ki-67)].The122caseswithextra-nodalspreadwereclinicallyfollowedup.Results:Anextra-nodalspreadwasobservedin40%(122cases)ofthe303breastcancercases.Thespreadmostfrequentlypresentedinmicropapillarycarcinomahistologicalsub-type(40cases,75%),butleastfrequentlypresentsinmucinouscarcinoma(2cases,8%).Patientswithextra-nodalspreadhadahighaveragenumberofmetastaticlymphnodes(8.3)andahighdistantmetastasisrate(38cases,31%)comparedwithpatientswithoutextra-nodalspread.Conclusion:Theexistenceofextra-nodalspreadintheexaminedbreastcancersub-typeshaspredictivevalueinforecastingthenumberofmetastaticlymphnodesandthediseaseprognosis.

简介：Intradiploicepidermoidcysts,fairlyuncommonlesionsinneurosurgicalpractice,are,asarule,benignandslow-growing.Somemayattaingreatsize.Correctradiologicalassessmentandcompleteremovalofthetumoranditscapsuleareessentialforadequatesurgicaltreatmentandgoodlong-termprognosis.Wereporttwocasesofintradiploicepidermoidcystsoftheskull,withgiantandCT-hyperdenselesionswithextraandintracranialextension,andanalyzetheclinicopathologicalandimagingfeaturesandtreatmentoftheselesionsinthelightofthemostimportantpublisheddata.