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简介：Opticalspinsplittinghasattractedsignificantattentionowingtoitspotentialapplicationsinquantuminformationandprecisionmetrology.However,itistypicallysmallandcannotbecontrolledefficiently.Here,weenhancethespinsplittingbytransmittinghigher-orderLaguerre–Gaussian(LG)beamsthroughgraphenemetamaterialslabs.TheinteractionbetweenLGbeamsandmetamaterialresultsinanorbital-angularmomentum-(OAM)dependentspinsplitting.TheupperboundoftheOAM-dependentspinsplittingisfound,whichvarieswiththeincidentOAMandbeamwaist.Moreover,thespinsplittingcanbeflexiblytunedbymodulatingtheFermienergyofthegraphenesheets.Thistunablespinsplittinghaspotentialapplicationsinthedevelopmentofspin-basedapplicationsandthemanipulationofmid-infraredwaves.

简介：Basedonthesecond-ordermoments,thispaperderivesananalyticalexpressionoftheM2factoroffour-petalGaussianbeam.TheresultsshowthattheM2factorisonlydeterminedbythebeamordern.Thecorrespondingnumericalcalculationsarealsogiven.Asthebeamorderincreases,theaugmentofM2factorisdisciplinary.AstheexpressionofM2factorisexpressedinseriesformandbecomesmorecomplicated,anewconciseformulaofM2factorisalsopresentedbyusingcurvefittingofnumericalcalculations.When3≤n≤200,themaximumerrorrateoffittingformulawillnotexceed2.6%andtheaverageerrorrateis0.28%.Thisresearchishelpfultotheapplicationsoffour-petalGaussianbeam.

简介：Thephenomenonofstochasticresonance(SR)inabistablenonlinearsystemisstudiedwhenthesystemisdrivenbytheasymmetricpotentialandadditiveGaussiancolorednoise.Usingtheunifiedcolorednoiseapproximationmethod,theadditiveGaussiancolorednoisecanbesimplifiedtoadditiveGaussianwhitenoise.Thesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)iscalculatedaccordingtothegeneralizedtwo-statetheory(shownin[H.S.WioandS.Bouzat,BrazilianJ.Phys.29(1999)136]).WefindthattheSNRincreaseswiththeproximityofatozero.Inaddition,thecorrelationtimeτbetweentheadditiveGaussiancolorednoiseisalsoaningredienttoimproveSR.TheshorterthecorrelationtimeτbetweentheGaussianadditivecolorednoiseis,thehigherofthepeakvalueofSNR.

简介：这篇论文研究平板波导然后匹配的效率在之间的结束衍射远地并且它的Gaussian近似的地被分析导致分叉一半角度的一个新定义。最后，远地的罐头为什么被Gaussian功能接近，根据横梁繁殖因素的特征被介绍。

简介：InthispaperthepropagationofLorentz–GaussianbeamsinstronglynonlinearnonlocalmediaisinvestigatedbytheABCDmatrixmethod.Forthispurpose,anexpressionforfielddistributionduringpropagationisderivedandbasedonit,thepropagationofLorentz–Gaussianbeamsissimulatedinthismedia.Then,theevolutionsofbeamwidthandcurvatureradiusduringpropagationarediscussed.

简介：有有光线的波浪前面分布的旋涡的嵌套的对的一根放射状地极化的Gaussian横梁的紧张的集中性质被向量衍射理论理论上调查。在焦点的区域的光紧张能被改变旋涡的地点更加改变的结果表演在一根放射状地极化的Gaussian横梁嵌套。到在横向的方向的一个高度限制的焦点的点的从一个环形的焦点的模式的焦点的进化被观察，这被注意相应于在在输入飞机的光旋涡的地点的变化。产生的焦点的洞或点在合适的光线的阶段调整下面显著地沿着光轴导致焦点的移动，这也被观察。因此建议系统可以被使用为高、低的折射索引粒子构造悦耳的光陷井。

简介：Laguerre–Gaussianbeams,asaspecialmodelwithspiralphasestructure,havebeenintensivelyinvestigated.HolographicgratingmethodisaconvenientmethodofgeneratingLaguerre–Gaussianbeamsandmeasuringtheirorbitalangularmomenta.Butduetosomeinevitableadversefactorssuchaslateraldisplacement,angulardeflectionandellipticalincidentprofileofincidentbeam,thepracticaleffectivenessshouldbereevaluated.Thispaperisdevotedtothestudyontheinfluencesoftheabovementionedthreeadversefactorsontheholographicgratingmethod.Thecharacteristicsofthemodedecompositionofdiffractiveorderandtherelativepowersoftheorbitalangularmomentumeigen-statesarealsogiven.

简介：BasedontheEigenandCrow-Kimuramodelswithasingle-peakfitnesslandscape,weproposethefitnessvaluesofallsequencetypestobeGaussiandistributedrandomvariablestoincorporatetheeffectsofthefluctuationsofthefitnesslandscapes(noiseofenvironments)andinvestigatetheconcentrationdistributionanderrorthresholdofquasispeciesbyperforminganensembleaveragewithinthistheoreticalframework.Wefindthatasmallfluctuationofthefitnesslandscapecausesonlyaslightchangeintheconcentrationdistributionanderrorthreshold,whichimpliesthattheerrorthresholdisstableagainstsmallperturbations.However,forasizablefluctuation,quitedifferentfromthepreviousdeterministicmodels,ourstatisticalresultsshowthatthetransitionfromquasi-speciestoerrorcatastropheisnotsosharp,indicatingthattheerrorthresholdislocatedwithinacertainrangeandhasashifttowardalargervalue.Ourresultsarequalitativelyinagreementwiththeexperimentaldataandprovideanewimplicationforantiviralstrategies.

简介：在一个应用磁场(MF)的影响下面，eigenenergies和地面和第一个激动的状态(GFES)的特徵函数被在联合不均匀的Gaussian潜在的量很好的强壮的electron-LO-phonon(AGPQW)使用Pekar类型(VMPT)的一个变化方法获得。这个AGPQW系统可以作为二水平的qubit被采用。数字结果显示了(i)当电子处于GFES的重叠状态位于时，我们在AGPQW获得时间进化和电子概率密度的并列变化，(ii)由于在AGPQW的生长方向的不均匀的潜力的存在，概率密度显示出双山峰配置，而仅仅有一个，如果监禁是在AGPQW的xy飞机的二维的对称的，达到顶点，(iii)oscilla

简介：Thefocusingofaradiallypolarizedbeamwithoutannularapodizationoraphasefilterattheentrancepupiloftheobjectiveresultsinawidefocusandlowpurityofthelongitudinallypolarizedcomponent.However,thepresenceofaphysicalannularapodizationorphasefiltermakessomeapplicationsmoredifficultorevenimpossible.Weproposearadiallypolarizedandamplitude-modulatedannularmulti-Gaussianbeammode.Numericalsimulationshowsthatitcanbefocusedintoasharperfocalspotof0.125λ~2withoutadditionalapodizationsorfilters.Thebeamqualitydescribingthepurityoflongitudinallypolarizedcomponentisupto86%.

简介：Inthispaper,wederivetheanalyticalexpressionforthemultipoleexpansioncoefficientsofscatteringandinteriorfieldsofagraphene-coateddielectricparticleundertheilluminationofanarbitraryopticalbeam.Byusingthisarbitrarybeamtheory,wesystematicallyinvestigatetheopticalforcesexertedonthegraphene-coatedparticlebyafocusedGaussianbeam.Viatuningthechemicalpotentialofthegraphene,theopticalforcespectracouldbemodulatedaccordinglyatresonantexcitation.Thehybridizedwhisperinggallerymodeoftheelectromagneticfieldinsidethegraphene-coatedpolystyreneparticleismoreintensivelylocalizedthanthepurepolystyreneparticle,whichleadstoaweakenedmorphology-dependentresonanceintheopticalforces.Theseinvestigationscouldopennewperspectivesfordynamicengineeringofopticalmanipulationsinopticaltweezersapplications.

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简介：TakingtwoLaguerre–Gaussianbeamswithtopologicalchargel=±1asanexample,thispaperstudiesthecompositeopticalvorticesformedbytwononcollinearLaguerre–Gaussianbeamswithdifferentphases,amplitudes,waistwidths,off-axisdistances,andtheirpropagationinfreespace.Itisshownbydetailednumericalillustrativeexamplesthatthenumberandlocationofcompositevorticesatthewaistplanearevariablebyvaryingtherelativephaseβ,amplituderatioη,waistwidthratioξ,oroff-axisdistanceratioμ.Thenettopologicalchargelnetisnotalwaysequaltothesumlsumofchargesofthetwocomponentbeams.Themotion,creationandannihilationofcompositevorticestakeplaceinthefree-spacepropagation,andthenetchargeduringthepropagationremainsunchangedandequalstothenetchargeatthewaistplane.

简介：WepresentbeamsolutionsofthestronglynonlocalnonlinearSchrodingerequationinleft-handedmaterials(LHMs).DifferentLaguerre-Gaussian(LG)necklacebeams,suchassymmetricandasymmetricsinglelayerandmultilayernecklacebeamsarecreatedbythesuperpositionoftwosinglebeamswithdifferenttopologicalcharges.SuchsuperpositionsarethenpropagatedthroughLHMs,displayinglineardiffraction.ItisfoundthatthesuperpositionoftwoLG_(nm)beamswithoppositetopologicalchargesdoesnotshowrotationalbehaviorandthatthereexistsrotationforothertopologicalchargecombinations.OurtheorypredictsthattheaccessiblesolitonscannotexistinLHMs,

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简介：ItisshownthataGaussianlightbeamtransmittingthroughaplanarthindielectricslabintheairundergoesfourdifferenteffects,i.e.lateralGoos–Hnchen-like(GHL)displacement,angulardeflection,widthmodificationandlongitudinalfocalshiftascomparedwiththeresultspredictedbygeometricaloptics.AccordingtotheTaylorexpansionoftheexponentoftransmissioncoefficientwhenexpressedasanexponentialform,thelateralGHLdisplacementandtheangulardeflectionarethefirst-ordereffectsandcanbenegativeorpositive.Thewidthmodificationandthelongitudinalfocalshiftarethesecond-ordereffectsandcanalsobepositiveornegative.Owingtothewaist-widthdependentterm,thenon-geometricaleffectsoftransmittedbeamarenotidenticalwiththenon-speculareffectsofreflectedbeam.Theconditionsforthevalidityofthoseeffectsaresuggestedandnumericalsimulationsarealsogiven.

简介：Thispaperpresentsaninvestigationontheself-focusing/defocusingofchirpedGaussianlaserbeamincollisionalplasmawithlinearabsorption.WehavederivedthedifferentialequationforthebeamwidthparameterbyusingWKBandparaxialapproximationsandsolveditnumerically.Theeffectofchirpandotherlaserplasmaparametersisseenonthebehaviorofbeamwidthparameterwithdimensionlessdistanceofpropagation.Theresultsarediscussedandpresentedgraphically.Oursimulationresultsshowthattheamplitudeofoscillationsdecreaseswiththedistanceofpropagation.Duetocollisionalfrequency,thelaserbeamshowsfastdivergencewhichcanbeminimizedbytheintroductionofchirpparameter.Thechirpdecreasestheeffectofdefocusingandincreasestheabilityofself-focusingoflaserbeamincollisionalplasma.

简介：Theextinctionphenomenoninducedbymultiplicativenon-GaussianL′evynoiseinatumorgrowthmodelwithimmuneresponseisdiscussed.Undertheinfluenceofthestochasticimmunerate,themodelisanalyzedintermsofastochasticdifferentialequationwithmultiplicativenoise.BymeansofthetheoryoftheinfinitesimalgeneratorofHuntprocesses,theescapeprobability,whichisusedtomeasurethenoise-inducedextinctionprobabilityoftumorcells,isexplicitlyexpressedasafunctionofinitialtumorcelldensity,stabilityindexandnoiseintensity.Basedonthenumericalcalculations,itisfoundthatfordifferentinitialdensitiesoftumorcells,noiseparametersplayoppositerolesontheescapeprobability.Theoptimallyselectedvaluesofthemultiplicativenoiseintensityandthestabilityindexarefoundtomaximizetheescapeprobability.

简介：Gaussianmodelswithoutintermittencyareextensivelyusedinestimatingtheeffectofturbulence,butitalsobringssomepuzzles,forexampletheobservedpulseshapethatdisagreeswiththeresultofthestandardtheoryofinterstellarscintillations.Indeedthepropertyofintermittencyisinherentinturbulence,i.e.,allthequantitiesthatcharacterizeitsufferfromstrongfluctuations.Soitisnecessarytoconsiderturbulentintermittencyinmanyapplications.Inthispaperweproposeanon-Gaussianphasescreen,whichobeyslog-Poissonstatistics,andalsooffersthecorrespondingpointspreadfunction(PSF).TheseresultsdescribethatintermittencyleadstothemoreextentanddifferentdirectionaldistributionofPSF.Theoreticalanalysisismadeunderthehypothesisofthephasedifferencesatisfyinglog-Poissonstatistics,andtheaveragepointspreadfunction,whichaccordqualitativelywiththeresultoftheabovegeneratedphasescreen,isderived.