简介：人的社会的动力学现在在由城市创造的人工的环境的上下文正在学习。在这个工作，作者描述一些在复杂性科学过去常学习城市的系统的形式化方法。作者讨论一些在现在的科学研究注意一些最深的争吵的城市的重要量的途径。当学习这类合作社会环境时，作者将强调一条transdisciplinary途径的重要性。

简介：Abriefsummaryonandcomprehensiveunderstandingoffuzzyoptimizationispresented.Thissummaryismadeonaspectsoffuzzymodellingandfuzzyoptimization,classificationandformulationforthefuzzyoptimizationproblems,modelsandmethods.Theimportanceofinterpretationoftheproblemandformulationoftheoptimalsolutioninfuzzysenseareemphasizedinthesummaryofthefuzzyoptimization.

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简介：AniterativemethodofDeJong,GreigandMadan(1985)forobtainingmaximumlikelihoodestimatesforcontingencytablesderivedfromaMover-Stayermodelisconsidered.Itisshownthatthismethodworksforothersamplingschemesleadingtoincompletecontingencytables.Moreover,compar-isonsindicatethatthemethodisveryfast.

简介：TheAnalyticHierarchyProcessisapowerfultechniqueforgroupdecisionmaking.BoththeWeightedArithmeticMeanMethod(WAMM)andWeightedGeometricMeanMethod(WGMM)arethemostcommongrouppreferenceaggregationmethodsinAHP.InordertousetheWAMMandWGMM,onehastofindtheweightstobeassignedtothemembersofthegroup.Thisisoftenadifficulttask,especiallysoifthegroupislargeasinthecaseofpublicpolicydecisions.Thesesituationsneedanobjectivemethodtoderivemembers'weights.Butafewstudiesareavailableintheliterature.Basedonjudgementmatricesanderroranalyses,thispaperpresentstwopracticalandefficientmethodsforaddressingsuchsituations.Somenumericalexamplesarealsogiven.

简介：Inthispaper,anumericalanalysisoffiniteelementmethodsforFredholmequationsofthefirstkind,whichisbaseduponregularization,ismade.Itshowsthatextrapolationalgorithmscanacceleratetheconvergenceofapproximatesolutions.

简介：操作剧院是医院管理的努力的中心。它与医院的超过10%打算的操作预算组成最昂贵的部门。减少费用当维持照顾的好质量时，答案之一是由改进服务和外科的特长协作或发现外科的盒子持续时间的最好的评价改进存在计划并且安排的方法。另外的答案是构造一个有效外科的盒子计划和时间表。计划并且安排的操作剧院是二重要的步，它试图与获得一张可实现、有效的外科的盒子时间表的一个目的使一个外科的盒子成为编程。这篇论文集中于第一步，操作剧院计划问题。二个计划方法被介绍并且比较。一所比利时的大学医院的真实数据“Tivoli”被用于实验。

简介：Wedeveloptheinterpolatedfiniteelementmethodtosolvesecond-orderhy-perbolicequations.Thestandardlinearfiniteelementsolutionisusedtogenerateanewsolutionbyquadraticinterpolationoveradjacentelements.Weprovethatthisinterpo-latedfiniteelementsolutionhassuperconvergence.Thismethodcaneasilybeappliedtogeneratingmoreaccurategradienteitherlocallyorglobally,dependingontheapplications.Thismethodisalsocompletelyvectorizableandparallelizabletotaketheadvantagesofmoderncomputerstructures.Severalnumericalexamplesarepresentedtoconfirmourtheoreticalanalysis.

简介：Forthetransientbehaviorofasemiconductordevice,themodifiedmethodofcharacteristicswithalternating-directionfiniteelementproceduresfornonrectangularregionisputforward.Sometechniques,suchascalculusofvariations,isoparametrictransformation，patchapproximation,operator-splitting,characteristicmethod,symmetricalreflection,energymethod,negativenormestimateandapriorestimatesandtechniques,areemployed.Inthenonrectangularregioncase,optimalorderestimatesinL^2normarederivedfortheerrorintheapproximationsolution.Thusthewell-knowntheoreticalproblemhasbeenthoroughlyandcompletelysolved.

简介：这份报纸为二维的非线性的椭圆形的方程用混合有限元素方法与pointwise控制限制管理的一般最佳的控制问题调查L估计。状态并且有肋骨被最低顺序Raviart-Thomas接近混合有限元素空格和控制被piecewise常数函数接近。作者为非线性的最佳的控制问题的混合有限元素近似导出L估计。最后，数字例子被给。

简介：Thisarticlesummarizesourrecentworkonuniformerrorestimatesforvariousfiniteelementmethodsfortime-dependentadvection-diffusionequations.

简介：这糊为为布尔控制的分解w.r.t产量的问题的图理论方法联网的焦点(BCN)。第一由诉诸矩阵和BCN的矩阵表示的半张肌产品，分解w.r.t的定义输出被介绍。秒由指BCN的图形的结构，为分解的一个必要、足够的条件w.r.t产量基于图理论方法被获得。第三，认识到最大的分解w.r.t产量的一个有效算法被建议。最后，一些例子被探讨验证理论结果。

简介：Thispaperstudiesafamilyofthelocalconvergenceoftheimprovedsecantmethodsforsolvingthenonlinearequalityconstrainedoptimizationsubjecttoboundsonvariables.TheHessianoftheLagrangianisapproximatedusingtheDFPortheBFGSsecantupdates.Theimprovedsecantmethodsareusedtogenerateasearchdirection.Combiningwithasuitablestepsize,eachiterateswitchestotrialstepofstrictinteriorfeasibility.WhentheHessianisonlypositivedefiniteinanaffinenullsubspace,oneshowsthatthealgorithmsgeneratethesequencesconvergingq-linearlyandtwo-stepq-superlinearly.Furthermore,undersomesuitableassumptions,somesequencesgeneratedbythealgorithmsconvergelocallyone-stepq-superlinearly.Finally,somenumericalresultsarepresentedtoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedalgorithms.

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