简介:AnewlygrownBaGa4Se7crystalhasbeensynthesizedviatheBridgman-Stockbargertechnique.Thisnewcrystalhasadvantagesofhighnonlinearoptics(NLO)coefficients,highlaserdamagethresholds,andwidetransparentregions.TheBaGa4Se7crystalhasbrightapplicationprospectsasanonlineargainmediuminmid-infraredandterahertzregions.Inthispaper,thecrystallinestructureandsyntheticmethodoftheBaGa4Se7crystalareintroduced.Therefractiveindicesandabsorptioncoefficientsalongthreedielectricaxesbetween0.1THzand1.0THzarealsoobtained.Theterahertzdifferencefrequencygeneration(THz-DFG)characteristicsbasedontheBaGa4Se7crystalinthefrequencyrangeof0.1THzto1.0THzareanalyzedtheoreticallyandthephase-matchingconditionsarecalculated.TheapplicationofBaGa4Se7crystalsinterahertzwavegenerationisalsodiscussed.
简介:AlinearizationattackontheKeyStreamGenerator(KSG)ofthemodifiedE0algorithmproposedbyHermelin[ProceedingsofICISC'99,SpringerLNCS1787,2000,17-29]isgiveninthispaper.TheinitialvaluecanberecoveredbyalinearizationattackwithO(260.52)operationsbysolvingaSystemofLinearEquations(SLE)withatmost220.538unknowns.FrederikArmknecht[CryptologyePrintArchive,2002/191]proposedalinearizationattackontheKSGofE0algorithmwith0(270.341)operationsbysolvinganSLEwithatmost224.056unknowns,sothemodificationproposedbyHermelinreducestheabilityofE0toresistthelinearizationattackbycomparingwiththeresultsofFrederikAnnknecht.
简介:WefabricatepolycrystallineCu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)filmsolarcellsonpolyimide(PI)substrateattemperatureof450°Cwithsingle-stageprocess,andobtainapoorcrystallizationofCIGSfilmswithseveralsecondaryphasesinit.Forimprovingitfurther,thetwo-stageprocessisadoptedinsteadofthesingle-stageone.AnextraCu-richCIGSlayerwiththethicknessfrom100nmto200nmisgrownonthesubstrate,andthenanotherCu-poorCIGSfilmwiththicknessof1.5-2.0μmisdepositedonit.Withthemodificationoftheevaporationprocess,thegrainsizeofabsorberlayerisincreased,andtheadditionalsecondaryphasesalmostdisappear.Accordingly,theoveralldeviceperformanceisimproved,andtheconversionefficiencyisenhancedbyabout20%.
简介:Chalcopyrite-typeCuInSe2nanoparticlesaresuccessfullypreparedbyusingIn2Se3nanoparticlesasaprecursorreactedwithcopperchloride(CuCl)solutionviaaphasetransformationprocessinlowtemperature.Thereactiontimeisakeyparameter.Afterthereactiontimeincreasingfrom0.5hto8h,In2Se3andCuClreactwitheachothergraduallyviaphasetransformationintoCuInSe2withoutanyintermediatephase.ThecrystallinestructureandmorphologyoftheCuInSe2nanoparticlesarecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)andfieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FESEM).ThediameterofCuInSe2nanoparticleswithgooddispersibilityrangesfrom10nmto20nm.ThebandgapoftheCuInSe2nanoparticlesis1.04eVcalculatedfromtheultraviolet-visible(UV-VIS)spectrum.