简介:于2013年7月20日、8月23日和10月17日,在小兴凯湖内布设13个采样点,采集水样,测定水样的氮、磷含量;采用综合营养状态指数法,对小兴凯湖水体富营养化程度进行分析,同时对其沼泽化程度进行评价。结果表明,7月20日、8月23日和10月17日小兴凯湖水体中总氮质量浓度分别为0.38~3.12mg/L、0.40~2.05mg/L和0.38~1.14mg/L,分布在北岸河流入湖口采样点水体总氮含量较高。8月23日,水体中的总氮含量明显高于其它采样日;7月20日、8月23日和10月17日小兴凯湖水体中总磷质量浓度分别为0.05~0.11mg/L、0.06~0.12mg/L和0.09~0.18mg/L;7月20日、8月23日和10月17日水体中的氮磷比分别为7.76~63.57、7.05~25.56和3.42~12.29,表明该湖属于磷营养限制性湖泊。各采样点综合营养状态指数为52.52~66.57,表明小兴凯湖整体处于轻度富营养状态;沼泽化综合指标为0.143~4.000,表明小兴凯湖大部分区域已处于重度沼泽化状态。
简介:研究了盐城潮滩芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)、盐蒿(Artemisiaschrenkiana)、互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)和淤泥光滩4种湿地对N、P营养物质的截留效应.在所选取的4种湿地中,分别采集了水、土壤和生物样;水样的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)用过硫酸氧化还原法测定,土壤和生物样的TN、TP分别用凯氏定N法和钼锑抗比色法测定.研究结果显示,不同污染程度的水源灌溉下的芦苇湿地,其截留N、P的效果差异显著.其中,黄沙港不定期污水灌溉的芦苇湿地每年平均可截留TN0.095t/hm^2、TP0.026t/hm^2;而采取三灌三排方式用河水灌溉的新洋港芦苇湿地每年可分别截留TN0.030t/hm^2、TP0.001t/hm^2.比较盐蒿、互花米草和淤泥光滩3种湿地每年对湿地水中N、P的截留效果,淤泥光滩的效果最差,仅截留TN0.385kg/hm^2、TP0.042kg/hm^2;互花米草效果最好,分别截留TN220.660kg/hm^2、TP36.754kg/hm^2.尽管互花米草生物量大于芦苇,但其截留效果仍低于芦苇湿地(芦苇1a收割1次).
简介:通过在白洋淀人工种植菱(Trapabispinosa)和莲(Nelumbonucifera),建立生态修复工程区,研究水生植物对富营养化水体的净化效果.结果表明,在菱和莲种植区内,水体透明度显著提高,菱种植区比对照区平均增加了0.55m,提高幅度达65%,莲种植区平均增加了0.21m,提高幅度达52%;浮游植物密度显著降低,菱种植区比对照区降低了1.15×107ind/L,莲种植区降低了8.24×107ind/L;生物多样性保持较好,Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数都显著高于对照区.2009年7~9月,菱的生物量、氮和磷含量以及氮、磷积累量都在7月30日达到峰值,水体透明度也最高,此后氮、磷积累量逐渐下降,到9月30日菱种植区水质反而劣于对照区.莲的生物量和氮、磷积累量明显大于菱,至9月30日,氮、磷积累量仍分别达7.85g/m2和2.17g/m2.
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:在人工湿地生态工程中利用黑麦草(LoliumperenneL.)净化污水,得到了较好的效果.结果表明:利用黑麦草在冬春季节的生长,可使亚热带地区人工湿地常年运行,黑麦草在3~4月份对水体就有明显的净化作用.在春夏季节,特别在5月份黑麦草可以获得较高的生物量和N、P的积累量,因而净化贡献最大.从产草量方面考虑,延长黑麦草的生长期能获得较高的生物量;从植物体所含营养物质状况和饲用价值看,增加收割次数的黑麦草N、P含量高,饲用价值高;但从黑麦草对污水中N、P的吸收和积累量方面考虑,收割次数过高则不利于黑麦草对污水的净化及N、P的累积.从上述几方面综合考虑,在黑麦草整个生长期收割次数以2~3次为宜.
简介:采用柱状芯样模拟法,探究长春西湖沉积物中氨氮和全磷的释放通量及变化;利用原位覆盖技术,选用建筑回填土作为覆盖材料,建立3种覆盖模式(30cm细小土块均匀覆盖、30cm中大土块随机覆盖和60cm中大土块随机覆盖),评价不同覆盖模式对沉积物中两种营养盐释放的控制效果。研究结果表明,在沉积物直接与上覆水完全接触的条件下,氨氮和全磷的释放通量先迅速上升,都在1d后达到最大值,随后不断降低,分别在第44天和第39天达到最小释放通量。氨氮和全磷的释放通量与实验天数的关系为对数(R^2=0.9381)和乘幂(R^2=0.7325)关系。3种覆盖模式都对沉积物中氨氮和全磷有很好的控释效果;其中,采用细小粒径土壤或较厚土壤覆盖,可以获得对氨氮更好的控释效果,但不同覆盖厚度和方式对磷的阻隔效果无明显差异。
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