简介：Watershedmanagementisanever-evolvingpracticeinvolvingthemanagementofland,water,biota,andotherresourcesinadefinedareaforecological,social,andeconomicpurposes.Inthispaper,weexplorethefollowingquestions:Howhaswatershedmanagementevolved?Whatnewtoolsareavailableandhowcantheybeintegratedintosustainablewatershedmanagement?Toaddressthesequestions,wediscusstheprocessofdevelopingintegratedwatershedmanagementstrategiesforsustainablemanagementthroughtheincorporationofadaptivemanagementtechniquesandtraditionalecologicalknowledge.Weaddressthenumerousbenefitsfromintegrationacrossdisciplinesandjurisdictionalboundaries,aswellastheincorporationoftechnologicaladvancements,suchasremotesensing,GIS,bigdata,andmulti-levelsocial-ecologicalsystemsanalysis,intowatershedmanagementstrategies.WeusethreecasestudiesfromChina,Europe,andCanadatoreviewthesuccessandfailureofintegratedwatershedmanagementinaddressingdifferentecological,social,andeconomicdilemmasingeographicallydiverselocations.Althoughprogresshasbeenmadeinwatershedmanagementstrategies,therearestillnumerousissuesimpedingsuccessfulmanagementoutcomes;manyofwhichcanberemediedthroughholisticmanagementapproaches,incorporationofcutting-edgescienceandtechnology,andcross-jurisdictionalcoordination.Weconcludebyhighlightingthatfuturewatershedmanagementwillneedtoaccountforclimatechangeimpactsbyemployingtechnologicaladvancementsandholistic,cross-disciplinaryapproachestoensurewatershedscontinuetoservetheirecological,social,andeconomicfunctions.Wepresentthreecasestudiesinthispaperasavaluableresourceforscientists,resourcemanagers,governmentagencies,andotherstakeholdersaimingtoimproveintegratedwatershedmanagementstrategiesandmoreefficientlyandsuccessfullyachieveecologicalandsocio-economicmanagementobjectives.